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1550-Life Sci > Water & Minerals CH 8 > Flashcards

Water & Minerals CH 8 Flashcards

1
Q

water

A

h2o, most indispensable nutrient, makes up 60-70% person’s weigh, cells die quickly without water

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2
Q

what does lean muscle contain more than fat

A

water

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3
Q

water percentage of person decreases as they

A

age

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4
Q

9 roles of water

A
  1. transportation
  2. serves as a solvent; dissolves glucose, acids
  3. Cleanses tissues and blood of wastes
  4. Lubricant
  5. Shock absorber
  6. Temperature maintenance
  7. Key Player in Chemical Reactions
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5
Q

define water intoxication

A

excessive ingestion of plain water

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6
Q

what to sensastions govern water intake, and what organs are in charge of them

A

thirst and satiety - run by hypothalamus, pituitary gland, kidneys

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7
Q

severe dehydration signs

A

pale skin;bluish lips and digigts, confusion, weak, rapid, irregualr pulse, blood thickening, shallow rapid breathing

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8
Q

containment metals in water

A

cadmium and lead

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9
Q

what kind of water easily dissolves contaminant metals

A

soft water

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9
Q

water flows in the direction of

A

high solute concentraion

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9
Q

7 major minerals

A

calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulphate, sodium, chloride, magnesium

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9
Q

4 main trace minerals

A

iron, zinc, copper, iodine

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10
Q

difference between major and trace minerals

A

major is when mineral is present in over 5 grams in the body

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11
Q

calcium

A

most abundant in body; 99% in teeth and bones; bone structure and bone calcium as a bank

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12
Q

minerals in bone are in

A

constant flux, being added and dissolved constantly

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13
Q

Bone derives its structural strength from

A

the lacy network of crystals that lie along its lines of stress.

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14
Q

If minerals are withdrawn to cover deficits elsewhere in the body, the bone will

A

grow weak and ultimately will bend or crumble.

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15
Q

Blood travels in capillaries throughout the bone, bringing

A

nutrients to the cells that maintain the bone’s structure and carrying away waste materials from those cells. It picks up and deposits minerals as instructed by hormones.

16
Q

7 major roles of calcium in body fluids

A

-Regulates the transport of ions across cell membranes
-Nerve transmission
-Helps maintain normal blood pressure
-Essential in the clotting of blood
-Essential for muscle contraction
-Activates cellular enzymes
-Allows secretion of hormones, digestive enzymes, neurotransmitters

17
Q

Vit D upregulates Ca transport in

A

intestinal cells

18
Q

calcium absorption increases in

A

time of need; typically only 25% absorption, but can double if in need or pregnant or a baby; will reduce if calcium supply is sufficient

19
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) excreted by parathyroid gland when which mineral is low

A

Ca

20
Q

DRI for Ca

A

RDA: Adults: 1,000 mg/d (19–50 yr)
1,200 mg/d (51+ yr)
UIL 2500mg

21
Q

define phosphorus and its 5 roles

A

Second most abundant mineral in body
Majority found in bones and teeth

Roles include:
Helps maintain acid–base balance
Part of DNA and RNA of every cell
Carry, store, and release energy in the metabolism of energy nutrients
Assist many enzymes and vitamins in extracting energy
Form part of the molecules of the phospholipids

22
Q

DRI for phosphorus

A

RDA-700mg/d
UIL-4000mg/d

23
Q

magnesium traits, roles, and deficiency

A

Half of magnesium supply is in the bones

Roles include:
Assists with the release and use of energy by impacting metabolism of potassium, calcium, vit D, and 300 enzymes

Works with calcium to assist with muscle contraction by relaxing them

Helps resist tooth decay by keeping calcium in enamel

Deficiency

Caused by inadequate intake, vomiting, diarrhea, alcoholism, protein malnutrition

May be linked with CVD and high blood pressure

Toxicity–rare but fatal

24
Q

DRI magnesium

A

RDA - M=400mg // W=310mg

UIL: 350mg?

25
Q

major roles of sodium

A

Major part of fluid and electrolyte balance
Helps maintain acid-base balance
Essential to muscle contraction and nerve transmission

26
Q

Chemically, sodium is the positive ion in the compound sodium chloride (table salt) and makes up 40% of its weight. Therefore a gram of salt contains

A

400 milligrams of sodium.

27
Q

Who are typically salt sensitive

A

Salt-sensitive: People with diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, African, family history of hypertension, anyone >50 years of age

28
Q

majority of sodium comes from

A

processed food

29
Q

potassium role, deficiency, toxicity

A

Positively charged ion inside cells

Roles:
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Cell integrity
Maintains heartbeat

Deficiency
Dehydration causes a loss of potassium in cells
Dangerous

Toxicity
Lethal if injected into the vein

30
Q

How do we lose potassium?

A

Dehydration, deficient K diet (approx. 60% Canadians don’t consume enough), diuretics
Hydrochlorothiazide and thiazide diuretics, as well as loop diuretics (Lasix)

31
Q

sodium potassium pump

A

protein pump that transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell

helps to maintain higher concentration of sodium ions outside the cell and higher concentration of potassium ions inside the cell

32
Q

DRI for sodium

A

RDA- M=3400mg/d // W=2600mg/d

33
Q

dietary chloride

A

Crucial for fluid balance
Part of hydrochloric acid in the stomach
Principle food source is salt

34
Q

Sulphate

A

Helps proteins assume their shape
No recommended intake
Deficiencies are unknown

35
Q

dietary iodine

A

Body’s work is done by ionic form, iodide

Role:
Part of thyroxine

Deficiency:
Goiter
Cretinism

Food sources
Varies – depends on soil quality
Seafood, iodinized salt

36
Q

Much of the iodine in Canadian diets today comes from

A

fast-food and other restaurant establishments, and from bakery products and milk.

37
Q

Iodine deficiency is one of the world’s most

A

common and most preventable causes of cretinism (birth defect with physical deformity and learning disabilities)

38
Q

dietary iron

A

-Every living cell contains iron
-A component of two proteins:
Hemoglobin (red blood cells)
Myoglobin (muscle cells)
-Roles:
Carries oxygen
Makes new cells, amino acids, hormones, and neurotransmitters

39
Q

increase what vitamin increases iron absorbition

A

vitamin C

40
Q

DRI iron

A

RDA- 8mg/d adults; over 3 times that for pregnant women, and over twice for women that can bear children

UIL -45mg/d

41
Q
A

1550-Life Sci (6 decks)

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