Water Concept Flashcards
3 types of water
Potable
Non potable
Process water
4 routes of exposure to water
Ingestion
Inhalation
Skin absorption
Injection
Water fit for consumption
Potable water
Water not fit for consumption
Non potable water
Water used for cooling towers, boilers and industrial processes, can be either potable or non potable.
Process Water
Feature 30: Fundamental Water Quality is a pre condition for …
all 3 project types
Feature 30: Fundamental Water Quality. Part 1: Sediment requires water sample to have?
Turbidity level of less than 1.0 nephelometric turbidity unit NTU
Water clarity is measured in terms of?
Turbidity
Amount of cloudiness in a liquid
Turbidity
Higher turbidity means?
Greater sedimentation. This is bad.
Unit of measure for turbidity
NTU
Feature 30: Fundamental Water Quality requires public drinking water be?
Maximum 5.0 NTU
Feature 30: Fundamental Water Quality requires water utilities be maintained at what level?
0.1 NTU
Why is low turbidity important?
Low turbidity - important so UV light treatment can be used. If high, sediments block UV rays
Feature 30: Fundamental Water Quality. Part 2: Microorganisms requires water be?
Requires that water must be tested to ensure no coliforms
Microorganisms including E.Coli
Coliforms
Increased coliforms means?
Presence of other pathogens
Infectious such as bacteria, virus, fungu
Pathogens
Test the effectiveness of a project’s water filtration
Total Coliform Teset
Feature 31: Inorganic Contaminants precondition for all?
3 project types
Element or compound found in water, such as from mining etc
Inorganic contaminant
Feature 31: Inorganic Contaminants. Part 1: Dissolved Metals addresses what?
Addresses 6 major contaminants such as
ALMANC
arsenic lead mercury antimony nickel copper
ALMANC levels?
ALMANC .01 Arsenic - less than 0.01 Lead - less than 0.01 mg/L Mercury - less than 0.002 Antimony - less than 0.006 Nickel - less than 0.012 Copper - less than 1.0
2 types of water filtration
Reverse Osmosis
Kinetic degradation fluxion KDF
Filtration type that uses semi permeable membrane to filter water; very fine filter that only allows water molecules to pass through
Reverse Osmosis
Pros/Cons of Reverse Osmosis
Effective at removing contaminants, but wastes 50 to 80% of incoming water supply
Some circulate back to building for non potable purposes
Filtration system that contains flakes or granules of copper and zinc
Kinetic degradation fluxion KDF
Kinetic degradation fluxion KDF pros/cons
Effective up to 98% in removing inorganic contaminants
o Not effective at removing chemicals or parasites
Human made compound from industrial activities
Organic Contaminants
Feature 32: Organic Contaminants lists 8 key pollutants. Which are?
What the required level for Styrene?
BTTSPVEX
Requirements: Benzene - Toluene - Tetrachloroethylene - Styrene - Polychlorinated biphenyls - Vinyl Chloride - Ethylbenzene - Xylenes -
If levels are high, what to do?
BTTSPVEX (bts pa-vet tnx).001 15 Benzene - less than 0.001 Toluene - less than 0.15 Tetrachloroethylene - less than 0.05 Styrene - less than 0.0005 mg/L Polychlorinated biphenyls - less than 0.0005 Vinyl chloride - less than 0.002 Ethylbenzene - lesss than 0.3 Xylenes (m p and o) - less than 0.5
If levels in a building are higher than these, conduct granular activated carbon filtration
A filtration that uses oxygen treated carbon to chemically bond with the organic contaminants in water
Granular activated carbon filtration
Granular activated carbon filtration
- are mostly used in?
- effective at?
- required at?
Mostly used in homes
Effective at removing organic contaminants but not sodium and flourine
A maintenance and filter replacement should be in place before final occupancy
3 types of Agricultural Contaminants
Pesticide, herbicide or fertilizer
Feature 33: Agricultural Contaminants precondition for?
all 3 project types
Feature 33: Agricultural Contaminants. Part 1: Herbicides and Pesticides identifies required levels for each?
Requirements for: Atrazine Glyphosate Simazine 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Atrazine - less than 0.001 , controls broadleaf weeds in crops. Most commonly detected pesticide in water
Glyphosate - less than 0.70; used in many pesticides
Simazine - less than 0.0002; used to control weeds.
2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - less than. 0.07; major herbicide that can run off or leach into ground
Used to destroy, repel, or control plants and animals
Pesticide
Type of pesticide to destroy or inhibit unwanted plants; used in farming
Herbicide
Feature 33: Agricultural Contaminants. Part 2: Fertilizers requires that nitrate level must be …
Less than 50mg/L
High exposure of fertilizers causes what?
Methemoglobinemia
Carries oxygen but cannot release to body tissues
Methemoglobinemia
If fertilizers exceed standard level, what must be conducted?
Granular activated carbon filtration / GAC Filtration
Feature 34: Public Water Additives precondition for?
All 3 project types
Used to control or destroy harmful microorganisms as well as prevent formation
Disinfectants
Feature 34: Public Water Additives. Part 1: Disinfectants requires the amount of chlorine and chloramine in water to be at what level?
Requires amount of chlorine and chloramine in water for human consumption must be less than 0.6mg/L and 4mg/L.
If exceeds, use GAC
Irritating greenish yellow halogen. Inexpensive and effective way to kill microorganisms
Chlorine
Disinfectant formed when ammonia is added to chlorine
Chloramine
If exceeds conduct GAC
Feature 34: Public Water Additives. Part 2: Disinfectant By-products requires amount of 2 groups of DBDP, thihalomethane and haloaceic acids be less than
Less than 0.08 and 0.06 mg/L
If exceeds conduct GAC
Forms when chlorine and chloramine reacts with organic materials in water
Disinfectant By-products
Formed when chlorine reacts with organic matter in water
Trihalomethane THM
Formed when chlorine or chloramine reacts with organic matter in water
Haloacetic acid HAA
Feature 34: Public Water Additives. Part 3 Fluoride requires what?
Requires fluoride be less than 4.0 mg/L
If exceeds, use reverse osmosis or distillation
Prevents or reverses tooth decay
Fluoride
White spots can form on tooth. If too much, pitting forms
Dental fluorosis
Feature 35: Periodic Water Quality Testing optimization for?
NEI and NEB
Feature 35: Periodic Water Quality Testing. Part 1: Quarterly Testing requires 3 things. List these.
Requires tests every quarter
Must measure lead arsenic mercury and copper
Procedure must be in place to document and report quarterly tests to IWBI once a year
Feature 35: Periodic Water Quality Testing. Part 2 Water Data Record Keeping and Response requires 2 things. List these
Requires a policy be written on how to enforce monitoring and record keeping
Must specify detailed records of testing and inspections , enforcement etc
Feature 36: Water Treatment optimization for?
3 project types
Feature 36: Water Treatment. Part 1: Organic Chemical Removal - requires installation of?
Activated carbon filters, such as GAC
Granular activated carbon filtration
Feature 36: Water Treatment. Part 2: Sediment Filter - requires use of?
What’s the required pore size?
Requires use of sediment filter.
Pore size must be 1.5 micrometers or less
Glass microfiber or RO can be used
Feature 36: Water Treatment. Part 3 Microbial Elimination - uses 2 methods. What are these methods?
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation UVGI
National Science Foundation NSF filters
Filtration that uses UV to breakdown DNA
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation UVGI
Filtration that removes microbial cysts
National Science Foundation NSF filters
Microorganisms in its dormant state that is resistant to typical disinfection methods
Microbial cysts
Feature 36: Water Treatment. Part 4 Water Quality Maintenance requires 3 items
- plan?
- reporting schedule?
- narrative addres what?
Requires verification that filtration used continue to operate
Report to IWBI annually, provide evidence
Records be kept for a minimum of three years
Feature 36: Water Treatment. Part 5 Legionella Control requires narrative address what?
Requires narrative that addresses control of legionella in the building
What is legionella and how does it spread?
Bacterium found in freshwater
Spread through air in mist or water vapor
Feature 37: Drinking Water Promotion Part 1: Drinking Water Taste Properties must meet certain levels:
Sodium - Chloride - Aluminum - Manganese - Sulfate - Iron - Zinc - Total dissolved solids - If exceeds, use what?
Sodium - less than 270 Chloride - less than 250 mg/L Aluminum - less than 0.2 mg/L Manganese - less than 0.05 Sulfate - less than 250 Iron - less than 0.3 Zinc - less than 5 Total dissolved solids - less than 500 mg/L
If exceeds, use additional filtration
Feature 37: Drinking Water Promotion Part 2 Drinking Water Access - requires water dispenser
- how many?
- distance?
- required characteristics?
At least 1 water dispenser per floor,
No farther than 30m (100’) from all parts of the regularly occupied floor place.
Must meet drinking water properties in Part 1
Feature 37: Drinking Water Promotion Part 3 Water Dispenser Maintenance must be maintained. What are the 2 requirements?
Part 3a: requires daily cleaning of mouthpieces, guards, and basins to prevent lime and calcium build up
Part 3b: requires quarterly cleaning of outlet screens and aerators
How much of the body is water
2/3
How many people lack access to safe drinking water?
1 billion
How many deaths attributable to unsafe water?
2 million
Trihalomethanes THMs and haloacetic acids as well as N-nitrosodimethylaming leads to
cancer and other adverse health effects
The quality of US surface water relies largely on …
Clean Water Act of 1974
Agency that implements Clean Water Act
US Environmental Protection Agency EPA
Antinomy in bottled water in 11 European countries increased by xx % after xx months due to antinomy leeching in bottles
90% after 6 months
two important properties of waters
turbidity and total coliforms
Exposure to pathogen through water containing coliforms can lead to
gastro problems such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and cramps
Exposure to lead and mercury through drinking water cause what …
for children?
for adults?
developmental delays and deficits in learning abilities in children
hbp and kidney problems in adults
How to dissolve metals at water?
RO and KDF
Exposure to Polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs and vinyl chloride causes
cancer
immune deficiencies
nervous systems
How to limit organic contaminants in water?
Carbon filters
Organic Pollutants
BTTSPVEX (acronym)
Inorganic contaminants
ALMANC (acronym)
Agricultural contaminants effects to body?
kidney
thyroid
gasto
reproductive effects
Which is the widely used pesticide?
Affects which system?
What’s its bad effect
Atrazine
Endocrine
Affects cardiovascular
Which is widely used herbicide?
Bad effect?
Glyphosate
kidney and reproductive difficulties
If there are agricultural contaminants, what to do?
Carbon filters
Bad effects of too much water additives
Fluorosis
Stomach discomfort
Skin Irritation
Trihalomethanes THMs and Haloacetic acids have been linked to ?
Cancer and kidney damage
Water Data Record Keeping and Response - what to do?
Have a monitoring strategy in place.
Keep records for 3 years
Detailed plan of action if unacceptable
Key to always delivering high quality water even in the case of floods, drought, etc.
Carbon Filters
Sediment Filters
UV sanitization
Water treatment 5 types?
Carbon filter Sediment filter Microbial Water Quality Maintenance Legionella Control
How to filter sediments?
Filter with pore size of 1.5 or less
How to do microbial elimination?
UVGI and NSF
Results of mild dehydration
muscle cramps
dry skin
headaches
