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Clinical Chemistry 2 (Lecture) > Water Balance (M) > Flashcards

Water Balance (M) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the percentage of H2O present if the pt is an adult male?

A

60%

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2
Q

What is the percentage of H2O present if the pt is an adult female?

A

55%

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3
Q

What is the percentage of H2O present if the pt is a child?

A

65%

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4
Q

What is the percentage of H2O present if the pt is an infant?

A

75%

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5
Q

What is the fxn of nephron?

A

It fxns in the fundamental mechanism of H2O and salt conservation by the kidneys

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6
Q

What are the 2 major compartments of body H2O?

A

1) Extracellular fluid

2) Intracellular fluid

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7
Q

What is extracellular fluid?

A

It is the fluid outside our cells

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of extracellular fluid?

A

1) Intravascular
2) Interstitial
3) Transcellular

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9
Q

What are the exs of intravascular fluid?

A

1) Blood

2) Plasma

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10
Q

What is the ex of interstitial fluid?

A

Lymph

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11
Q

What are the exs of transcellular fluid?

A

1) Pleural
2) Pericardial
3) Peritoneal
4) CSF
5) Gastrointestinal fluids

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12
Q

What is intracellular fluid?

A

It is the fluid inside our cells

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13
Q

What is the characteristic of intracellular fluid?

A

It is where the metabolic activities occur

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14
Q

What is the fxn of H2O?

A

It acts as a solvent to dissolve electrolytes

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15
Q

What are the electrolytes that H2O can dissolve?

A

1) Na
2) K
3) Ca
4) Mg
5) Cl
6) Bicarbonate
7) Phosphate
8) Sulfate

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16
Q

What is the percentage / volume of intracellular volume?

A

24 L (60%)

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17
Q

What is the percentage / volume of extracellular volume?

A

16 L (40%)

18
Q

What is the percentage / volume of interstitial volume?

A

11.2 L (28%)

19
Q

What is the percentage / volume of plasma volume?

A

3.2 L (8%)

20
Q

What is the percentage / volume of transcellular volume?

A

1.6 L (4%)

21
Q

*Where does the extracellular fluid go / deposit?

A

1) Matrix
2) Fibrous proteins
3) Glycoproteins
4) Hyaluronan

22
Q

*Where does the intracellular fluid go / deposit?

A

Cells

23
Q

*Total body water (L) = body weight (lbs)/4

A
24
Q

*54% of body weight in kg is what?

A

Body H2O

25
Q

*1kg of body weight equivalent to what value in lbs?

A

2.2 lbs

26
Q
  • In connection to electrolytes within the body fluid spaces, what is the value of the given electrolyte in the ff units?
    1) ECF (mmol/kg)
    2) ICF (mmol/kg)

Given electrolyte: Na

A

1) 152

2) 10

27
Q
  • In connection to electrolytes within the body fluid spaces, what is the value of the given electrolyte in the ff units?
    1) ECF (mmol/kg)
    2) ICF (mmol/kg)

Given electrolyte: K

A

1) 4.3

2) 160

28
Q
  • In connection to electrolytes within the body fluid spaces, what is the value of the given electrolyte in the ff units?
    1) ECF (mmol/kg)
    2) ICF (mmol/kg)

Given electrolyte: Ca

A

1) 2.7

2) 1.0

29
Q
  • In connection to electrolytes within the body fluid spaces, what is the value of the given electrolyte in the ff units?
    1) ECF (mmol/kg)
    2) ICF (mmol/kg)

Given electrolyte: Mg

A

1) 1.1

2) 13

30
Q
  • In connection to electrolytes within the body fluid spaces, what is the value of the given electrolyte in the ff units?
    1) ECF (mmol/kg)
    2) ICF (mmol/kg)

Given electrolyte: Cl

A

1) 109

2) 10

31
Q
  • In connection to electrolytes within the body fluid spaces, what is the value of the given electrolyte in the ff units?
    1) ECF (mmol/kg)
    2) ICF (mmol/kg)

Given electrolyte: Bicarbonate

A

1) 29

2) 10

32
Q
  • In connection to electrolytes within the body fluid spaces, what is the value of the given electrolyte in the ff units?
    1) ECF (mmol/kg)
    2) ICF (mmol/kg)

Given electrolyte: Phosphate

A

1) 1.5

2) 50

33
Q

What is osmolality?

A

It is the measure of the # of dissolved particles in solution

34
Q

Osmolality is expressed as what?

A

It is expressed as osmoles per kg of H2O

35
Q

Serum osmolality is expressed as what?

A

It is expressed as milliosmoles/kg

36
Q

What is the normal reference range for serum osmolality?

A

275 - 295 mOsm/kg

37
Q

What regulates osmolality?

A

Hypothalamus

38
Q

How do the hypothalamus regulate the osmolality?

A

It is regulated by the hypothalamus through the sensation of thirst and the signaling to secrete antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

39
Q

If the pt has increased blood osmolality, what should be done?

A

The pt should consume more H2O because it will decrease the osmolality

40
Q

What will the pt’s body do if the pt has increased blood osmolality?

A

The posterior pituitary section of ADH will cause renal reabsorption of H2O and decrease the osmolality

41
Q

*last slide

A

Clinical Chemistry 2 (Lecture) (17 decks)

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