Water and the Electrolytes Flashcards
Blood is __% water
Bone is __% water
Muscle is __% water
Fat is __% water
Blood is 90% water
Bone is 25% water
Muscle is 75% water
Fat is 10% water
Functions of water?
Solvent, Transportation, Lubrication/Protection, Body Temperature Regulation, Acid-Base Balance
What is intracellular and extracellular fluid?
ICF: cytosol
ECF: lymph, blood plasma, interstitial fluid
Na/Cl is the highest, and K is the lowest in ____, Where Na is the lowest and K is the highest in ____.
Na/Cl is the highest, and K is the lowest in ECF, Where Na is the lowest and K is the highest in ICF.
ICF has ____ ____ concentration, whereas ECF has the ___ _____ concentration.
ICF has highest highest protein concentration, whereas ECF has the lowest protein concentration.
Osmosis?
When a selectively permeable membrane allows water to pass freely across it to equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides.
What is the recommended water intake for men and women?
Men: 3.7 L
Women : 2.7 L
Dehydration is?
Dehydration is when body water drops enough to decrease blood volume.
ADH?
Antidiuretic hormone
ADH is stimulated by _____ and _____
ADH is stimulated by decrease blood volume and increase solute concentration
What does ADH signal?
ADH signals the kidney to reabsorb water, eventually restoring blood volume
What is Hyponatremia?
To much water relative to Na concentration in body
What happens in Hyponatremia?
Tissues swell by water moving from blood to interstitial space
What is the percentage of Na/Cl consumed from added salt?
77%
Excessive sodium intake is associated with increased risk for?
Hypertension
Electrolytes are needed in the body for?
Na/K pump, Nerve Conduction, Muscle Contraction, Nutrient Transport
High ___ intake causes ___ extracellular (vascular) –> ____ blood volume –> ____ blood pressure
High Na intake causes higher extracellular (vascular) –> increased blood volume –> increased blood pressure
What is the protective mechanism for high blood pressure?
kidneys excrete Na and water to decrease blood pressure
What happens when there is low blood pressure?
RAAS to increase Na resorption (water follows);
ADH to increase water respiration/retention
What happens in RAAS?
Increase blood pressure by Na retention (water follows) and by constructing vessels; Works with AHD which increases water retention.
Hypertension is _____mmHg
> 140/90 mmHg
DASH diet plan?
more fruits/veggies/low-fat milk products/calcium, magnesium, fibre and less red meat/sweets/sugar/total fats/saturated fats/cholesterol
sodium free?
less than 5 mg per serving
low-sodium?
140 mg or less / serving
lightly salted?
contains at least 50% less added Na/serving
no added salt?
no salt added during processing
reduced in sodium or salt; less sodium; lower in sodium
25% less sodium then referenced food
What is best source of potassium?
Fruits and Veggies
