Water and the Electrolytes

Question 1

Blood is __% water
Bone is __% water
Muscle is __% water
Fat is __% water

Answer 1

Blood is 90% water
Bone is 25% water
Muscle is 75% water
Fat is 10% water

Question 2

Functions of water?

Answer 2

Solvent, Transportation, Lubrication/Protection, Body Temperature Regulation, Acid-Base Balance

Question 3

What is intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Answer 3

ICF: cytosol
ECF: lymph, blood plasma, interstitial fluid

Question 4

Na/Cl is the highest, and K is the lowest in ____, Where Na is the lowest and K is the highest in ____.

Answer 4

Na/Cl is the highest, and K is the lowest in ECF, Where Na is the lowest and K is the highest in ICF.

Question 5

ICF has ____ ____ concentration, whereas ECF has the ___ _____ concentration.

Answer 5

ICF has highest highest protein concentration, whereas ECF has the lowest protein concentration.

Question 6

Osmosis?

Answer 6

When a selectively permeable membrane allows water to pass freely across it to equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides.

Question 7

What is the recommended water intake for men and women?

Answer 7

Men: 3.7 L

Women : 2.7 L

Question 8

Dehydration is?

Answer 8

Dehydration is when body water drops enough to decrease blood volume.

Question 9

ADH?

Answer 9

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 10

ADH is stimulated by _____ and _____

Answer 10

ADH is stimulated by decrease blood volume and increase solute concentration

Question 11

What does ADH signal?

Answer 11

ADH signals the kidney to reabsorb water, eventually restoring blood volume

Question 12

What is Hyponatremia?

Answer 12

To much water relative to Na concentration in body

Question 13

What happens in Hyponatremia?

Answer 13

Tissues swell by water moving from blood to interstitial space

Question 14

What is the percentage of Na/Cl consumed from added salt?

Answer 14

77%

Question 15

Excessive sodium intake is associated with increased risk for?

Answer 15

Hypertension

Question 16

Electrolytes are needed in the body for?

Answer 16

Na/K pump, Nerve Conduction, Muscle Contraction, Nutrient Transport

Question 17

High ___ intake causes ___ extracellular (vascular) –> ____ blood volume –> ____ blood pressure

Answer 17

High Na intake causes higher extracellular (vascular) –> increased blood volume –> increased blood pressure

Question 18

What is the protective mechanism for high blood pressure?

Answer 18

kidneys excrete Na and water to decrease blood pressure

Question 19

What happens when there is low blood pressure?

Answer 19

RAAS to increase Na resorption (water follows);

ADH to increase water respiration/retention

Question 20

What happens in RAAS?

Answer 20

Increase blood pressure by Na retention (water follows) and by constructing vessels; Works with AHD which increases water retention.

Question 21

Hypertension is _____mmHg

Answer 21

> 140/90 mmHg

Question 22

DASH diet plan?

Answer 22

more fruits/veggies/low-fat milk products/calcium, magnesium, fibre and less red meat/sweets/sugar/total fats/saturated fats/cholesterol

Question 23

sodium free?

Answer 23

less than 5 mg per serving

Question 24

low-sodium?

Answer 24

140 mg or less / serving

Question 25

lightly salted?

Answer 25

contains at least 50% less added Na/serving

Question 26

no added salt?

Answer 26

no salt added during processing

Question 27

reduced in sodium or salt; less sodium; lower in sodium

Answer 27

25% less sodium then referenced food

Question 28

What is best source of potassium?

Answer 28

Fruits and Veggies