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Nutrition > carbohydrates > Flashcards

carbohydrates Flashcards

1
Q

Whole/unrefined grains contain?

A

Bran, Germ and Endosperm Layer

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2
Q

Bran layer is a good source of ?

A

fibre and vitamins

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3
Q

What layer is the bran layer?

A

outside layer

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4
Q

The germ layer is a good source of ?

A

vegetable oils, vitamin E&B, PRO

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5
Q

Endosperm layer contains?

A

starch and some protein

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6
Q

Refined grains are made from?

A

endosperm(Starch)

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7
Q

Refined grains may be enriched/fortified with

A

thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, iron and folate

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8
Q

There are two types of carbohydrates what are they?

A

Simple and complex carbohydrates

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9
Q

What are the types of simple carbohydrates?

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

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10
Q

Disarcchaires are?

A

pair of monosaccharides

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11
Q

What are the types of disarcchairdes?

A

maltose, lactose, sucrose

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12
Q

____ + ____ = maltose

A

glucose + glucose = maltose

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13
Q

____ + ____ = sucrose

A

glucose + fructose = sucrose

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14
Q

____ + ____ = lactose

A

glucose + galactose = lactose

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15
Q

Hydrolysis reaction does what?

A

breaks sugar molecules apart

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16
Q

Condensation reaction does what?

A

links two sugar molecules together

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17
Q

What is a short chain (

A

oligosaccriades

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18
Q

Polysaccharides are long chains of?

A

monosaccraides

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19
Q

Glycogen is ?

A

storage form of glucose in body for animals

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20
Q

Starch and fibre is?

A

storage form of glucose in plants

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21
Q

What cannot be digested by human enzymes or absorbed ?

A

dietary fibre (complex carbohydrates)

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22
Q

Soluble fibre is ?

A

viscous

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23
Q

Insoluble fibre is ?

A

non-viscous

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24
Q

What type of fibre is digested by intestinal bacteria?

A

soluble fibre

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25
Q

Classification of fibre?

A

natural fibres, functional fibres, total fibres

26
Q

what makes up total fibres?

A

functional fibre + dietary fibre

27
Q

Natural fibres are found?

A

in plants

28
Q

Functional fibres are?

A

isolated and fibre that is added to food, has health benefits

29
Q

Soluble and insoluble Fibre delays ____ emptying

A

gastric

30
Q

Soluble fibre promotes ___ nutrient absorption

A

slow

31
Q

Increased GI tract volume and gut mobility is done by what?

A

soluble and insoluble fibre

32
Q

Fibre has been effective in reducing?

A

CVD risk

33
Q

Fibre has been effective in lowering?

A

BP and BW

34
Q

Bile acid is secreted from ?

A

cholesterol

35
Q

Bile acid is secreted to promote?

A

fat solubilization

36
Q

Name some bowel disorders.

A

Haemorrhoids, diverticulitis, constipation

37
Q

Diets high in fibre reduce what type of cancer?

A

colon cancer

38
Q

Lactose intolerance is a?

A

lactase dysfunction

39
Q

Lactose intolerance is associated with ____ intake of certain vitamin and minerals

A

low

40
Q

___ and ____ are better tolerated

A

yogurt and cheeses are better tolerated

41
Q

where is glucose stored in the body?

A

liver and muscle

42
Q

body can make glucose from ?

A

precursors

43
Q

what is gluconeogenesis?

A

conversion of non-glucose precursors to glucose

44
Q

[glucose] in the blood is regulated by?

A

liver and pancreas

45
Q

insulin is secreted by ?

A

B-cells of the pancreas

46
Q

glucagon is secreted by ?

A

a-cells of pancreas

47
Q

What are the 4 steps to glucose transport?

A
  1. insulin binds to receptor
  2. signals to pool of intracellular membrane bound GLUT4
  3. GLUT4 moves to membrane and fuses
  4. Glucose moves into cell through transporter
48
Q

Type 1 diabetes is an ____ disease.

A

autoimmune

49
Q

Type 2 diabetes cells have a ___ sensitivity to ____

A

decreased sensitivity to insulin

50
Q

Gestational diabetes occurs in?

A

women

51
Q

What is the most common form of diabetes?

A

type-2

52
Q

treatment for type 2 diabetes?

A

diet, exercise, weight loss and/or medication/insulin

53
Q

Treatment for type 1 diabetes?

A

insulin/medications

54
Q

The Glycemic index does?

A

ranks food according to potential for raising blood glucose

55
Q

Glycemic response is ?

A

how quickly and high blood glucose rises after carbohydrates are consumed

56
Q

GLUT4 are ____ sensitive ____

A

contraction sensitive transporters

57
Q

RDA for carbs is?

A

130g/day

58
Q

carbs provide how much energy?

A

4 kcal/game

59
Q

Increase intensity of exercise ____ is preferred fuel?

A

CHO

60
Q

How much glycogen is stored in muscle and liver?

A

550g

61
Q

Postprandial liver has ___ - ____ glycogen

A

80-110g

Nutrition (8 decks)

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