carbohydrates

Question 1

Whole/unrefined grains contain?

Answer 1

Bran, Germ and Endosperm Layer

Question 2

Bran layer is a good source of ?

Answer 2

fibre and vitamins

Question 3

What layer is the bran layer?

Answer 3

outside layer

Question 4

The germ layer is a good source of ?

Answer 4

vegetable oils, vitamin E&B, PRO

Question 5

Endosperm layer contains?

Answer 5

starch and some protein

Question 6

Refined grains are made from?

Answer 6

endosperm(Starch)

Question 7

Refined grains may be enriched/fortified with

Answer 7

thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, iron and folate

Question 8

There are two types of carbohydrates what are they?

Answer 8

Simple and complex carbohydrates

Question 9

What are the types of simple carbohydrates?

Answer 9

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 10

Disarcchaires are?

Answer 10

pair of monosaccharides

Question 11

What are the types of disarcchairdes?

Answer 11

maltose, lactose, sucrose

Question 12

____ + ____ = maltose

Answer 12

glucose + glucose = maltose

Question 13

____ + ____ = sucrose

Answer 13

glucose + fructose = sucrose

Question 14

____ + ____ = lactose

Answer 14

glucose + galactose = lactose

Question 15

Hydrolysis reaction does what?

Answer 15

breaks sugar molecules apart

Question 16

Condensation reaction does what?

Answer 16

links two sugar molecules together

Question 17

What is a short chain (

Answer 17

oligosaccriades

Question 18

Polysaccharides are long chains of?

Answer 18

monosaccraides

Question 19

Glycogen is ?

Answer 19

storage form of glucose in body for animals

Question 20

Starch and fibre is?

Answer 20

storage form of glucose in plants

Question 21

What cannot be digested by human enzymes or absorbed ?

Answer 21

dietary fibre (complex carbohydrates)

Question 22

Soluble fibre is ?

Answer 22

viscous

Question 23

Insoluble fibre is ?

Answer 23

non-viscous

Question 24

What type of fibre is digested by intestinal bacteria?

Answer 24

soluble fibre

Question 25

Classification of fibre?

Answer 25

natural fibres, functional fibres, total fibres

Question 26

what makes up total fibres?

Answer 26

functional fibre + dietary fibre

Question 27

Natural fibres are found?

Answer 27

in plants

Question 28

Functional fibres are?

Answer 28

isolated and fibre that is added to food, has health benefits

Question 29

Soluble and insoluble Fibre delays ____ emptying

Answer 29

gastric

Question 30

Soluble fibre promotes ___ nutrient absorption

Answer 30

slow

Question 31

Increased GI tract volume and gut mobility is done by what?

Answer 31

soluble and insoluble fibre

Question 32

Fibre has been effective in reducing?

Answer 32

CVD risk

Question 33

Fibre has been effective in lowering?

Answer 33

BP and BW

Question 34

Bile acid is secreted from ?

Answer 34

cholesterol

Question 35

Bile acid is secreted to promote?

Answer 35

fat solubilization

Question 36

Name some bowel disorders.

Answer 36

Haemorrhoids, diverticulitis, constipation

Question 37

Diets high in fibre reduce what type of cancer?

Answer 37

colon cancer

Question 38

Lactose intolerance is a?

Answer 38

lactase dysfunction

Question 39

Lactose intolerance is associated with ____ intake of certain vitamin and minerals

Answer 39

low

Question 40

___ and ____ are better tolerated

Answer 40

yogurt and cheeses are better tolerated

Question 41

where is glucose stored in the body?

Answer 41

liver and muscle

Question 42

body can make glucose from ?

Answer 42

precursors

Question 43

what is gluconeogenesis?

Answer 43

conversion of non-glucose precursors to glucose

Question 44

[glucose] in the blood is regulated by?

Answer 44

liver and pancreas

Question 45

insulin is secreted by ?

Answer 45

B-cells of the pancreas

Question 46

glucagon is secreted by ?

Answer 46

a-cells of pancreas

Question 47

What are the 4 steps to glucose transport?

Answer 47

1. insulin binds to receptor 2. signals to pool of intracellular membrane bound GLUT4 3. GLUT4 moves to membrane and fuses 4. Glucose moves into cell through transporter

Question 48

Type 1 diabetes is an ____ disease.

Answer 48

autoimmune

Question 49

Type 2 diabetes cells have a ___ sensitivity to ____

Answer 49

decreased sensitivity to insulin

Question 50

Gestational diabetes occurs in?

Answer 50

women

Question 51

What is the most common form of diabetes?

Answer 51

type-2

Question 52

treatment for type 2 diabetes?

Answer 52

diet, exercise, weight loss and/or medication/insulin

Question 53

Treatment for type 1 diabetes?

Answer 53

insulin/medications

Question 54

The Glycemic index does?

Answer 54

ranks food according to potential for raising blood glucose

Question 55

Glycemic response is ?

Answer 55

how quickly and high blood glucose rises after carbohydrates are consumed

Question 56

GLUT4 are ____ sensitive ____

Answer 56

contraction sensitive transporters

Question 57

RDA for carbs is?

Answer 57

130g/day

Question 58

carbs provide how much energy?

Answer 58

4 kcal/game

Question 59

Increase intensity of exercise ____ is preferred fuel?

Answer 59

CHO

Question 60

How much glycogen is stored in muscle and liver?

Answer 60

550g

Question 61

Postprandial liver has ___ - ____ glycogen

Answer 61

80-110g