Water and pH Flashcards

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1
Q

As pH rises, a substance gets more

A

Basic

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2
Q

As pH lowers, a substance gets more

A

Acidic

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3
Q

What is it called when water splits into ions?

A

Disassociation

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4
Q

When water disassociates, it splits into…

A

Equal numbers of H+ (hydrogen) and OH- (hydroxide) ions

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5
Q

An acid has

A

more H+ (hydrogen) ions

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6
Q

A base has

A

fewer H+ (hydrogen) ions or more HO- (hydroxide) ions

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7
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A substance that resists a change in pH

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8
Q

What happens when acids disassociate?

A

They release more H+ than OH-, depending on how acidic they are

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9
Q

What happens when bases disassociate?

A

They release OH- or take in H+, with amounts depending on how basic they are

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10
Q

The pH scale is a negative logarithm. What does this mean?

A

The scale decreases by powers of 10, meaning that 8 is 10 times less than 7, for example (the numbers refer to concentrations of hydrogen ions, beginning with 0% at 1 on the scale)

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11
Q

Blood Buffer System: H2CO3 <> H+ + HCO3-

How would you lower the pH of the blood?

A

Move the equation to the right, releasing H+ ions and acidifying the blood

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12
Q

Blood Buffer System: H2CO3 <> H+ + HCO3-

How would you raise the pH of the blood?

A

Move the equation to the left, taking in H+ ions and making the blood more basic

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13
Q

A water molecule…

A

Is made up of two hydrogens and one oxygen atom covalently bonded with a pH of 7. The oxygen has a negative electrostatic charge while the hydrogens are slightly positive

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14
Q

Cohesion

A

The ability of water or another substance to stick to itself, allowing surface tension

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15
Q

Adhesion

A

The ability of water to stick to other (hydrophilic) substances

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16
Q

Hydrophobic

A

A nonpolar or nonionized substance that repels water

17
Q

Hydrophilic

A

A polar or ionized substance that sticks to or easily mixes with water

18
Q

High heat of vaporization

A

Water takes a lot of energy to evaporate – this is used by organisms to maintain body heat through sweating

19
Q

High heat capacity

A

Water resists changes in temperature – this moderates coastal climates

20
Q

Unique density

A

Water is less dense as ice than as water, meaning that it can float on itself – this is used by organisms who live underwater in the winter when the surface freezes

21
Q

Nearly Universal Solvent

A

Water can dissolve all polar substances

22
Q

Solvent, solute, and solution

A

Solvent: A liquid that dissolves another substance
Solute: a solid that is dissolved in a solvent
Solution: a solvent dissolved in a solute