Cell Membranes and Membrane Transport

Question 1

What kind of molecule can diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 1

Small and nonpolar molecules

Question 2

How are molecules moved against the concentration gradient?

Answer 2

Using a carrier protein / pump (active transport) that consumes ATP

Question 3

What happens to ATP once it is used?

Answer 3

It becomes ADP and releases a phosphate group

Question 4

Animal cells in a hypotonic solution are called

Answer 4

Lysis, once they burst

Question 5

Plant cells in a hypotonic solution are called

Answer 5

Turgid

Question 6

Animal cells in a hypertonic solution are called

Answer 6

Crenated

Question 7

Plant cells in a hypertonic solution are called

Answer 7

Plasmolyzed

Question 8

Cells in an isotonic solution are called

Answer 8

Normal

Question 9

What are the ideal environments for plant and animal cells?

Answer 9

Animal: isotonic (normal)
Plant: hypotonic (turgid)

Question 10

When a cell is in a hypertonic solution, water moves

Answer 10

Out

Question 11

When a cell is in a hypotonic solution, water moves

Answer 11

In

Question 12

How do cells move large materials into the cell?

Answer 12

Endocytosis (vesicle transport)

Question 13

How do cells move large materials out of the cell?

Answer 13

Exocytosis (vesicle transport)

Question 14

What organelle controls vesicle transport?

Answer 14

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

What is the main pump function in a nerve cell?

Answer 15

Sodium-potassium pump – 3 sodium ions out for each 2 potassium ions in

Question 16

“Cell eating”

Answer 16

Phagocytosis

Question 17

“Cell drinking”

Answer 17

Pinocytosis

Question 18

When moving along the concentration gradient, which direction requires no energy input?

Answer 18

Down

Question 19

What are the three types of passive transport?

Answer 19

Diffusion (across the bilayer), facilitated diffusion (through channel proteins), and osmosis (water through an aquaporin)

Question 20

What are lipid-soluble molecules?

Answer 20

Nonpolar molecules

Question 21

Which proteins are attached to only one side of the membrane?

Answer 21

Peripheral proteins

Question 22

Which proteins span the bilayer?

Answer 22

Integral proteins

Question 23

What are glycolipids, and what are their function?

Answer 23

Glycolipids are lipids with a carbohydrate attached that regulate cell recognition (like a fingerprint).

Question 24

What are glycoproteins, and what are their function?

Answer 24

Glycoproteins are proteins with a carbohydrate attached that help the immune system and are involved in recognition and communication

Question 25

What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Answer 25

Cholesterol (a lipid) strengthens the cell membrane and makes it more stable

Question 26

What are the three main types of membrane transport?

Answer 26

Passive (channel proteins, no energy required), active (carrier proteins, ATP required), and vesicle transport (for large molecules)

Question 27

Receptor protein

Answer 27

Receives signal molecules and creates a response

Question 28

Enzymatic protein

Answer 28

“catalyzes biochemical reaction at the membrane”

Question 29

How do lipid-soluble molecules move through the cell membrane?

Answer 29

Through the bilayer

Question 30

How do polar molecules move through the cell membrane?

Answer 30

Through integral proteins