Water and major minerals Flashcards
what are the five functions of sodium?
cation of extracellular fluid, regulator of volume, acid base volume, nerve transmission, muscle contraction
what do fluids maintain and what does it influence?
Fluids maintain blood volume, which influences blood pressure (BP)
what are there three steps of the nephron?
- blood flows into the glomerulus and some of its fluid with dissolved substances is absorbed into the tubule
- the fluid and substances needed by the body are returned through the vessels alongside the tubule
- the tubule passes waster down into the bladder
what does vasopressin/adh respond to?
if blood volume or BP too low or extracellular fluid too concentrated
what does the hypothalamus signal the pituitary to release in BV or BP too low?
ADH which triggers thirst
what does renin respond to?
if blood pressure is too low
what does renin do?
Raises blood volume and BP
what is angiotensin?
Hormone involved in BP regulation that acts as a vasoconstrictor
what does renin hydrolyze?
Renin hydrolyzes angiotensinogen (blood protein) to angiotensin I
how does angiotensin increase BP?
Another enzyme, angiotensin-converting enzyme, converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II resulting in increased BP
what does angiotensin stimulate?
Angiotensin stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands
what does aldosterone signal?
Aldosterone signals kidneys to excrete more K & retain more Na & therefore H20
what is mEq?
mEq – concentration of electrolytes in a volume of solution
what do electrolytes attract?
Electrolytes attract H20
what is osmosis?
Movement of H20 across membrane toward the side where the solutes are more concentrated.
what do ions regulate?
Ions regulate pH of bodily fluids—pH: measure of H+ ion concentration
what are buffers?
substances that keep a solution’s pH constant when acids or bases are added
what happens in the lungs if carbonic acid is too great?
If carbonic acid is too great increased respiration more C02 exhaled
what happens in the lungs if bicarbonate too great?
If bicarbonate too great slowed respiration more C02 retained forming more carbonic acid
what is the AI for NA?
1500
what is the DASH diet?
Low in saturated fat, trans fat and total fat.
low in sodium
high in calcium, potassium and magnesium
what does the dash diet do over time?
Reduces BP in short time
what happens with high NA intake?
increased calcium excretion
what are the two symptoms of Na toxicity?
edema and HTN
