Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards
what are the energy yielding nutrients?
lipids, fats and proteins
what is the difference between organic and inorganic nutrients?
organic nutrients contain carbon and inorganic nutrients do not
what are the DRIs?
the dietary reference intakes are a set of values for the notary nutrient intakes for healthy people
what do the DRIs include?
the EAR, RDA, AI and UL
how are the ingredients in a food label listed?
in descending order of predominance
what are the daily values in food labels?
they are expressed as percentages and an estimate of contributing to a total diet
what is the percent daily value?
percentage of a daily value found in a specified serving of food for key nutrients based on a 2000 calorie diet
what is greater than 20 percent?
an excellent source
what is 10-19 percent?
a good source
what is less than 5 percent?
a low sources
what are enriched foods?
when nutrients that were lost during processing are added back to a food
what is a fortified food?
when nutrients that weren’t initially there are added to a food
what is the order of digestion?
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
what are the three components of the small intestine?
duodenum, jejunum and ileum
what is the function of the lower esophageal sphincter?
it prevents reflux
what is the function of the pyloric sphincter?
opens 3 times a minute to allow chyme from the stomach to enter small intestine
what does the upper esophageal sphincter do?
it opens during swallow
what does the ileocecal valve do?
it separates small and large intestine
what is the purpose of sphincter contractions?
they control pace of GI content movement
what is bolus?
amount of food swallowed at one time
what is chyme?
bolus with acids, enzymes and fluid
what is the pH of chyme?
approximately 2
where are most digested?
the mouth and small intestine
where is protein digested?
the stomach and small intestine
where are fats digested?
in the small intestine
where does most nutrient absorption occurs?
in the small intestine
what fluid does the pancreas secrete and what is its function?
it secretes bicarbonate which neutralizes acidic chyme
what is the function of HCl in digestion?
it keeps the stomach acidic
what does gastric glands secrete?
gastric juice
what does the liver secrete?
bile
what does the gallbladder secrete?
bile
what do intestinal glands secrete?
intestinal juice
what does bile do?
emulsifier
what does gastrin respond to?
food in the stomach
where is gastrin secreted from?
stomach wall
what is the body’s response to gastrin?
HCl secreted into the stomach to maintain acidic pH
what does secretin respond to?
acidic chyme in the small intestine
where is secretin secreted from?
the duodenal wall
what does secrete stimulate?
the pancreas
what is the body’s response to secretin?
Bicarbonate-rich juices secreted into the small intestine to maintain a slightly alkaline pH
what does cholecystokinin respond to?
Fat or protein in the small intestine
were is cholecystokinin secreted from?
intestinal wall
what does cholecystokinin stimulate?
gallbladder pancreas
what is the body’s response to cholecystokinin?
Bile secreted into the duodenum to emulsify fats
where do protein and CHO go after absorption?
they enter the bloodstream directly
where do larger lipids go after they are absorbed?
into the lymphatic system first
