Final Exam Study Guide

Question 1

what are the energy yielding nutrients?

Answer 1

lipids, fats and proteins

Question 2

what is the difference between organic and inorganic nutrients?

Answer 2

organic nutrients contain carbon and inorganic nutrients do not

Question 3

what are the DRIs?

Answer 3

the dietary reference intakes are a set of values for the notary nutrient intakes for healthy people

Question 4

what do the DRIs include?

Answer 4

the EAR, RDA, AI and UL

Question 5

how are the ingredients in a food label listed?

Answer 5

in descending order of predominance

Question 6

what are the daily values in food labels?

Answer 6

they are expressed as percentages and an estimate of contributing to a total diet

Question 7

what is the percent daily value?

Answer 7

percentage of a daily value found in a specified serving of food for key nutrients based on a 2000 calorie diet

Question 8

what is greater than 20 percent?

Answer 8

an excellent source

Question 9

what is 10-19 percent?

Answer 9

a good source

Question 10

what is less than 5 percent?

Answer 10

a low sources

Question 11

what are enriched foods?

Answer 11

when nutrients that were lost during processing are added back to a food

Question 12

what is a fortified food?

Answer 12

when nutrients that weren’t initially there are added to a food

Question 13

what is the order of digestion?

Answer 13

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 14

what are the three components of the small intestine?

Answer 14

duodenum, jejunum and ileum

Question 15

what is the function of the lower esophageal sphincter?

Answer 15

it prevents reflux

Question 16

what is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 16

opens 3 times a minute to allow chyme from the stomach to enter small intestine

Question 17

what does the upper esophageal sphincter do?

Answer 17

it opens during swallow

Question 18

what does the ileocecal valve do?

Answer 18

it separates small and large intestine

Question 19

what is the purpose of sphincter contractions?

Answer 19

they control pace of GI content movement

Question 20

what is bolus?

Answer 20

amount of food swallowed at one time

Question 21

what is chyme?

Answer 21

bolus with acids, enzymes and fluid

Question 22

what is the pH of chyme?

Answer 22

approximately 2

Question 23

where are most digested?

Answer 23

the mouth and small intestine

Question 24

where is protein digested?

Answer 24

the stomach and small intestine

Question 25

where are fats digested?

Answer 25

in the small intestine

Question 26

where does most nutrient absorption occurs?

Answer 26

in the small intestine

Question 27

what fluid does the pancreas secrete and what is its function?

Answer 27

it secretes bicarbonate which neutralizes acidic chyme

Question 28

what is the function of HCl in digestion?

Answer 28

it keeps the stomach acidic

Question 29

what does gastric glands secrete?

Answer 29

gastric juice

Question 30

what does the liver secrete?

Answer 30

bile

Question 31

what does the gallbladder secrete?

Answer 31

bile

Question 32

what do intestinal glands secrete?

Answer 32

intestinal juice

Question 33

what does bile do?

Answer 33

emulsifier

Question 34

what does gastrin respond to?

Answer 34

food in the stomach

Question 35

where is gastrin secreted from?

Answer 35

stomach wall

Question 36

what is the body’s response to gastrin?

Answer 36

HCl secreted into the stomach to maintain acidic pH

Question 37

what does secretin respond to?

Answer 37

acidic chyme in the small intestine

Question 38

where is secretin secreted from?

Answer 38

the duodenal wall

Question 39

what does secrete stimulate?

Answer 39

the pancreas

Question 40

what is the body’s response to secretin?

Answer 40

Bicarbonate-rich juices secreted into the small intestine to maintain a slightly alkaline pH

Question 41

what does cholecystokinin respond to?

Answer 41

Fat or protein in the small intestine

Question 42

were is cholecystokinin secreted from?

Answer 42

intestinal wall

Question 43

what does cholecystokinin stimulate?

Answer 43

gallbladder pancreas

Question 44

what is the body’s response to cholecystokinin?

Answer 44

Bile secreted into the duodenum to emulsify fats

Question 45

where do protein and CHO go after absorption?

Answer 45

they enter the bloodstream directly

Question 46

where do larger lipids go after they are absorbed?

Answer 46

into the lymphatic system first