Water and Carbon cycles Flashcards
What percentage of the Earth’s atmosphere is oxygen?
21%
What percentage of the Earth’s atmosphere is carbon dioxide?
0.04%
How is the Earth’s atmosphere kept on the planet?
The pull of gravity.
How does Earth use light effectively?
Plants use light from the sun for photosynthesis which gives off oxygen into the atmosphere. The planet only takes 24 hours to spin on its axis compared to other planets like Venus which take 243 days.
What are features of planets that lie within the ‘Goldilocks zone’?
They have just the right temperature for there to be liquid water on its surface.
What is a biogeochemical cycle?
It is the way in which an element or compound moves between its living and non-living forms and locations.
Name the different spheres of the Earth?
Lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and cryosphere.
Why are the spheres of the Earth important?
They keep in the Earth’s atmosphere, control the temperature, weather and climate and they help the Earth’s climate stay consistent.
What things would you typically find in the cryosphere?
Glacier, iceberg
What would you usually find in the hydrosphere?
Oceans, lakes
What would you usually find in the biosphere?
Birds, humans, trees, lions.
What would you usually find in the lithosphere?
Limestone, volcanos, mountains
What would you usually find in the atmosphere?
Clouds, oxygen, ozone
Why is the water cycle a closed system?
No water leaves or enters the Earth and so the inputs and outputs remain the same meaning that the system remains closed.
Why is our planet classed as a closed system?
No mass leaves or enters it, however it has many open and closed systems within it.
Why is our planet not classed as an isolated system?
There can be a transfer of energy from and to the earth e.g. from the sun.
Name and describe the two types of systems.
Closed- input, output and transfer of energy but not matter or mass e.g. the hydrological cycle.
Open- Inputs and outputs of both energy and matter e.g. drainage basin system.
What is a river basin?
It is the net area drained by a river. We are generally talking about the bottom of a river- water comes from mountains and tributaries and gravity pulls it down towards the river mouth.
What is the water balance equation?
Precipitation= Evapotranspiration + Stemflow +/- storage.
What is capillary rise?
When water is pulled up to the surface from soil moisture.
What is baseflow?
When water goes from the ground into the river channel.
What has to happen to water droplets and ice crystals for them to fall to the ground?
They have to be transformed into heavier particles this means they have to attach to tiny particles in the atmosphere to fall.
Name the 5 main types of precipitation?
Rain, drizzle, snow, sleet, hail.
What is the difference between rain and drizzle?
Rain is water droplets greater than 0.5mm diameter. Drizzle is water droplets smaller than 0.5mm.
What is the difference between sleet and hail?
Sleet is a mixture of snow and rain. Hail is large, roughly spherical ice pellets 5-500mm or more in diameter.
What is topography?
The shape of the land.
How can oceans influence the amount of precipitation in two places at the same latitude?
Warm ocean waters evaporate much water into the atmosphere. Near warm water the air has enough moisture to produce abundant precipitation.
What is the rain shadow?
The area past where the rain has fallen- usually after mountains.
What does cloud type depend on?
How high water vapor rises before it condenses.
What are condensation nuclei?
Particles that water needs to attach to in order to form raindrops. Examples are salt grain, soil, particle, soot, ash.
Where do clouds form?
Below the troposphere- where all the Earth’s weather takes place.
What is environmental lapse rate?
It is the decrease in temperature usually expected with an increase in height through the troposphere.
Why is atmospheric moisture vitally important?
It absorbs, reflects and scatters insulation to keep our planet habitable.
What is humidity?
A measure of water vapour content in the atmosphere . As air gets warmer humidity increases.