Keyword definitions Flashcards
Define precipitation
Moisture falling from the cloud towards the ground. (rain, snow, sleet, hail)
Define infiltration
When water drains into the SOIL – the vertical movement of rainwater through the soil.
Define interception
When leaves etc get in the way of the raindrops and prevent them from falling directly on the ground
What is a water table?
The upper surface of the zone of saturation in permeable rocks and the soil.
What is surface runoff/overland flow?
Water flowing over the land. Rainfall that runs off the ground surface because the soil is saturated or the intensity of the rainfall exceeds the infiltration capacity.
What is Groundwater Flow?
Water flowing through the ROCK – the horizontal movement of water within aquifers
What is Permeable Rock?
Rock that allows water to travel through it. For rock this means it has lots of cracks and joint which water can flow through.
Define permeability.
The ability of a rock to absorb water
Define porosity.
The ability of a rock, like chalk, to absorb water through tiny air spaces (or pores) between mineral particles.
What is porous rock?
Rocks which contain pores or air spaces between mineral particles, where water is stored.
Define impermeable
Rocks that are NOT porous and WILL NOT absorb water or allow it to percolate through.
What is the hydrological cycle?
The continuous recycling of water between the sea, air and land. Rivers and the way in which water reaches the river plays a large role in this.
Define pervious.
Rocks allow water to penetrate, either through mineral pores (air spaces) or along cracks, joints and fissures.
What is bedrock?
The rock found under the soil
What is a reservoir?
A store of water (or a lake created by the building of a dam.)