Water and Carbon Cycle

Question 1

Carbon emissions from volcanic eruptions

Answer 1

180 million GtC

Question 2

Carbon emissions from anthropogenic sources

Answer 2

3 billion GtC

Question 3

Which gas does rice production and cattle ranching release?

Answer 3

Methane

Question 4

Biosphere carbon store

Answer 4

560 GtC

Question 5

Lithosphere carbon store

Answer 5

100,000 GtC

Question 6

Atmosphere carbon storage

Answer 6

750 GtC

Question 7

Soil carbon storage (pedosphere)

Answer 7

1500 GtC
(Permafrost, peat)

Question 8

Fossil fuels carbon store

Answer 8

4000GtC
Decreases over time as we burn fossil fuels

Question 9

Oceans carbon storage

Answer 9

38,000 GtC

Question 10

What percentage of anthropogenic carbon release comes from combustion of fossil fuels?

Answer 10

90%

Question 11

What absorbs anthropogenic CO2 released?

Answer 11

24% absorbed by oceans
26% taken in by plants

Question 12

Global CO2 emissions

Answer 12

320ppm, 1960
400ppm at present

Question 13

Humans release how much carbon?

Answer 13

4 GtC per year

Question 14

For every 1°C of warming

Answer 14

Air holds 7% more water

Question 15

Cloud formation

Answer 15

1) water vapour + aerosols present in atmosphere
2) air saturated with water
3) air rises, so it cool, reducing the ability to hold water vapour
4) droplets require particles to condense (condensation nuclei, eg dust)
5) more water droplets form and stick together to form clouds
6) drops,re group and grow heavy, gravity pulls them down as precipitation

Question 16

How many more times more powerful is methane than CO2 as a GHG

Answer 16

80

Question 17

% of sunlight reflected back to space currently

Answer 17

30%

Question 18

What % of fresh water is accessible surface water

Answer 18

1%

Question 19

What percentage of the atmosphere is water vapour?

Answer 19

0.4%

Question 20

How many countries signed the Paris agreement 2015

Answer 20

196

Question 21

What fraction of anthropogenic CO2 is is absorbed by the oceans

Answer 21

1/4

Question 22

% increase in ocean acidity

Answer 22

30%

Question 23

How many times more carbon stored in hydrosphere than atmosphere

Answer 23

50

Question 24

% of all biomass which is carbon

Answer 24

50%

Question 25

% increase in atmospheric carbon in the last 60 years

Answer 25

36%

Question 26

% of carbon stored in lithosphere

Answer 26

99.9%

Question 27

% of annual global CO2 emissions due to wildfires

Answer 27

5-10%

Question 28

Cooler water absorbs

Answer 28

More CO2

Question 29

How long does CO2 remain in atmosphere for

Answer 29

300-1000 years

Question 30

How long does methane remain in the atmosphere for

Answer 30

10 years
More reactive than CO2 and breaks down more quickly

Question 31

How much is atmospheric CO2 rising per year

Answer 31

2 ppm/year

Question 32

What percentage of Earths surface is covered by oceans

Answer 32

72%

Question 33

How much more water can warm air hold?

Answer 33

7% for each 1°C increase

Question 34

Primary forest carbon productivity

Answer 34

Over 200 tonnes Carbon per hectare

Question 35

Palm oil plantation Carbon productivity

Answer 35

30 tonnes of Carbon per hectare

Question 36

What can palm oil be found in

Answer 36

Crisps, margarine, cakes

Question 37

Storage of water

Answer 37

Hydrosphere: 96.5%
Cryosphere: 1.7%
Lithosphere: 1.7%
Atmosphere: 0.001%