Water And Carbon Cycle ! Flashcards
What is a system
-an assemblage of interrelated parts that works together by wage if some driving force
-set of steps to make something happen
What is an open system
When changes occur due to inputs and outputs
What is a closed system
Energy moved in and out of the system
What is a isolated system
A physical system so far removed from other systems that it does not interact with them. No inputs or outputs
What is positive and negative feedback
-positive: When the effects of an action are increased by changes to the input/output/ processes
-negative: occurs when the effects of an action are decreased by changes to the output/inputs and processes
What is an attribute
The characteristics of the elements (hot or cold)
What are the 5 subsystems on earth
-atmosphere (air)
-lithosphere (geology)
-hydrosphere (water)
-biosphere (organic life)
-cryosphere (ice)
What is the cascading system
the transfer of mass and energy along a chain of component subsystems, such that the output from one subsystem becomes the input for the adjacent subsystem.
-connections between the 5 subsystems
What is the process called solid - liquid
Fusion
What is the process called liquid - gas
Vaporisation
What is the process called solid - gas
Sublimation
What are the factors that change the magnitude of water stores
-evaporation
-transpiration
-condensation
-evatranspiration
What is evaporation and what does the rate of evaporation depend upon:
-occurs when energy from solar radiation hits the surface of water or land and causes liquid water to change to gas
-depends on:
•the amount of solar energy
•availability of water
•humidity of the air
•temperature of the air
What is transpiration and it’s link to water cycle
-of a plant or leaf the exhalation of water vapour
-water is lost through the leaves and either evaporates into the hydrosphere or falls into the lithosphere
What is condensation and how does it help the movement of water in water cycle
-water which collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it.
-gas - liquid
-Movement of water vapour onto lithosphere, biosphere and cryosphere
How is condensation caused
-air is forced to rise over hills
-masses of air if different temperatures and densities meet. The less dense air rises over the denser cold air
-localised warm surfaces heat the air above. This expands and becomes less dense and rises
What is evapotranspiration
Water evaporating from the soil to the at atmosphere via transpiration of moving water to the leaves and evaporating there
What is latent heat and what is the process
-the heat required to convert a solid into a liquid or vapour, or a liquid into a vapour, without change of temperature
1.water molecules become heated by the sun
2. They become agitated and break the bonds between them
3. However there is not enough heat in the sun ray to do this
4. Water molecules absorb energy form their surroundings to give them the final energy that they need to break
5. The latent heat is taken from the surroundings and it cools the surroundings down
What happens to the latent heat with condensation
Latent heat is released by the water molecules as they slow down and join together. Causes warming of surrounding.
What is the formation of a cloud
I. Condensation occurs and warm air rises and cools.
2.the relative humidity of the air increases.
3.water vapor condenses on smoke, dust, salt, and other small particals.
4.millions of tiny water drops of liquid water collect to form a cloud.
5. When the cloud becomes saturated it cannot hold any more water droplets and so it releases them and they fall down to the earth
6. This cycle repeats itself
Definitions of: atmospheric, oceanic, terrestrial and cryospheric water
-atmospheric: water found in the atmosphere
-oceanic: water contained in the earths oceans and seas but not inland seas
-terrestrial: consists of groundwater, soil moisture, lakes, wetlands and rivers
-cryospheric: water in the earths ice
Facts about oceanic water
-72% of earths surface
-1,370,000,000km3
Facts about atmospheric water
-0.04% of worlds freshwater
-0.001% of total water
-12,900 km2
Factors causing the magnitude of global water stores to vary over time
-melting of sea ice
-evaporation of water
-water onto land
-animals/plants dying
-respiration
-temperature rising/cool