Coast System Case Studys Flashcards
Location of odisha
- located in eastern India
- 9th largest state by area
- located on the coast of Indian Ocean boardering the Bay of Bengal
Key characteristics of odisha
- mostly consist of depositional landform
- wide range of coastal and marine flora and fauna
- dominant processes are deposition
Risks of living in odisha
- rate do erosion is increasing and has been increased by 36.8%
- removal of sediment from beach’s which attract tourists
- rising sea levels
- vulnerable to storms and tsunamis due to loss of mangrove
- economic loss
Rewards of odisha
- 35% of the coast is laden with materials and metals which are economically important
- opportunities for offshore oil and natural gas
- large stocks of fish
- 46.8% of the coast is growing
- employment in fishing and tourism is increasing
- cultural and archeology sites
Cyclones in odisha
- cyclone Paradip 1999, 10,000 deaths and mass destruction
- cyclone philan 2013, 1m evacuations 45 deaths
Mitigation and adaption techniques in odisha of 2013 hurricane
- 1 million were evacuated
- provide relief supplies before storm
- broadcasts warnings
- conducts stage evacuation
- planted mangrove
- 4000 kitchens were open to feed thousands
Management in odisha
-ICZM
-Major focus of the scheme is to provide fishing families with an alternative source of income to remove their need to live on the coast.
•Schemes such as becoming dairy or poultry farmers further inland have been popular and shown success.
•Former fishermen are trained in how to run alternative businesses reducing their reliance on the dangerous coast. Something which is even more important due to threats from climate change.
•People of Odisha are now well used to reviewing management strategies and have become increasingly adaptable to deal with proposed changes.
•Before tropical storms the authorities now mitigate by: broadcasting warnings, conducting staged evacuation and providing relief supplies ahead of the storm.
•In 2011 the ICZM projects began, considering the views of stakeholders at every level and ensuring that this highly dynamic coastline was managed as one large area.
•Wetlands international (an NGO) is now working with Odishans to plant mangroves along the coast in order to provide a natural barrier to erosion and storm surges. Benefit of these Mangroves is that they are able to cope with a rising sea level.
•Detailed plans have been created following stakeholder consultation with scenarios proposed which mitigates risk by limiting human development on the coastline. Huge variety of physical and human factors have been considered to ensure that the plan is fully comprehensive.
Stakeholders in the decision of odisha management
- ministry of forest and environment: (considered for biodiversity conservation and pollution)
- Indian government: (livelihood security, pollution and environment quality management)
- world bank: (vulnerability to disaster)
- odisha government: (conservation of cultural/archeology assests, vulnerability to disaster, coastal erosion
Why is mangrove planting necessary
- mangrove is a shrub/ tree that grows in coastal areas
- odisha had an average 5.1km protecting them 50 years ago, today there is only 2.1km
- mangrove helps stop flooding during cyclones and is effective
What has been done in slapton sands
- torcross and beesands has a sea wall
- torcross has rock armour to protect against destructive waves
- rock armour on the road
- managed retreat
- reprofiling of the lower part of the beach to the top
- street gate (north) beach nourishment used form this beach form this beach to the barrier beach (torcross)
What are the challenges of coastal management people have faced in Slapton (costs)
- £2 million for sea wall and the reflection of waves caused beach to be destroyed quickly
- rock armour costs £100,000 and needs replacement after 25 years
- reprofiling every 5 years and costs £15,000
- managed retreat costs £2.5m which made access hard after road collapsed
- beach nourishment costs £250,000
- bad astetics
What makes the employed management strategies sustainable in Slapton
- beach nourishment is environmentally friendly
- sea wall will last 60 years minim
Long term issues in Slapton sands
- sea wall causes waves to rebound and destroy the beach
- hall sands had a fishing industry but has been completely destroyed
- very expensive to repair damage
- villages are built along areas of risk of erosion
Effectiveness of beach management at Slapton
- beach reprofyling has kept the beach that attracts tourists
- the sea wall is effective for erosion
- tourism is still high
- the marsh land has biodiversity
