Water and Carbon Flashcards
Why is carbon so important
it is in all forms of life
The functioning of the planet depends on carbon and how it cycles through the Earth
Plays a key role in regulating climate
Why is water so important
significant facotr in the health society
Connects the Earth’s lands, ocean, and atmosphere
water vapour is hte most important greenhouse gas
Definition of a model
a simpliefied representation of reality
a way to measure unobservable aspect of life
a way to understand casual relationships
Definition of a system
a set of things working together
Definition of ecosystem
living and non living componetns within a particular environment and the interrelationshipos between them
Definition of Inputs
when matter or energy is added to a system
Definition of Outputs
When matter or energy leaves a system
Definition of Stores
Where matter or energy builds up
Definition of Flows
When matter or energy moves from one store to another
Definition of Boundaries
The limits of the system
Definition of an open system
Energy can enter and leave a system same with matter
Definition of a close system
Energy can enter and level a system but matter can’t
Definition of Islated
Nothing can enter or leave the system
Example of a open system
drainage basin
on a small scale both are open systems
Example of a closed system
the global carbon cycle
on a global scale both water and carbon cycles are closed systems
Definition of Dynamic equilibrium
When there is a balance between inputs and outputs
Definition of Positive feedback
applifies the orginial change
Definition of Negative feedback
nulifies the orginial change
What are the subsystems
Biosphere , Atmosphere , Cryosphere , Hydrosphere , Lithosphere
Definition of Atmosphere
layer of gas between the Earth’s surface and space
Definition of Biosphere
Biological component of the Earth , where all living things are found
Definition of Hydropshere
All the water on Earth
Definition of Cryosphere
Part of Earth where water is frozen
Definition of Lithosphere
The outermost layers of the Earth - crust and uppermost mantle
Definition of cascading system
The output of the cycle can becom the input of another
Process invovled in water cycle
Inputs - Precipitation
Outputs - Evaporation, transpiration , Evapotranspiration , river discharge
Flows - Infiltration , surface run-off, Percolation, Ground water flow , condensation , throughfall , stem flow , throughflow , base flow , interflow , channel flow
Stores - vegetation storage, ground water storage , channel storage , interception , soil moisture
Water storage % of different stores
Oceans - 97%
Cryosphere - 1.9% - sea ice , ice shelves , ice sheets , ice caps , permafrost
Land - 1.1% - rivers , lakes , wetlands , groundwater , soil water , biological water
Air - 0.001% - gas , liquid , solid
Residence times of different stores
Oceans - 3600 years
Cryosphere - 15,000 years - sea ice , ice shelves , ice sheets , ice caps , permafrost
Land - 1 to 10,000 years - rivers , lakes , wetlands , groundwater , soil water , biological water
Air - 10 days - gas , liquid , solid