East Norfolk Coast

Question 1

Location of the coast

Answer 1

North Sea coastline
North east of East Anglina in eastern England

Question 2

Direction of the longshore drift

Answer 2

North to south

Question 3

The 4 villages from north to south

Answer 3

Bacton
Happisburgh
Sea Palling
Winterton

Question 4

Key human and physical features of each settlement

Answer 4

Bacton - Site of British Gas terminal , population of 1200
Happisburgh - population of 1400 , low value farmland
Sea Palling - population of 650 , close to sea level , Norkfolk Broads wetlands behind
Winterton - population of 1200 , low lying area behind ridge of sand dunes which is a natural reserve

Question 5

Main processes operating at this costline

Answer 5

Rapid coastal erosion
Mass movement
Transport processes
Flooding

Question 6

The main landforms

Answer 6

Low cliffs
Beaches
Sand dunes

Question 7

Impact of the geology

Answer 7

Boulder clay overlain by sands this has created low, unstable cliffs

Question 8

Factors that will increase the risk of coastal erosion and flooding

Answer 8

Rising sea levels (eustatic)
increased frequency and intensity of low-pressure storms
More intense rainfall - more runoff

Question 9

Current average of erosion

Answer 9

2m a year

Question 10

The main hard enineering strategies used to protect Happisburgh

Answer 10

Groynes , wooden reventments and riprap

Question 11

How was the 1996 Shoreline Management Plan (SMP6) more sustainable

Answer 11

Environmentally sustainable
Economically justifiable
Socially acceptable
Holistic and integrated
Covers the next 100 years

Question 12

Why was the traditional apprach unsustainable

Answer 12

Cost of maintance would have been too high
Didn’t look at the rest of the coastline

Question 13

Stakeholders in SMP6

Answer 13

The Environment Agency , North Norfolk District Council , local councils , Regional Coastal groups/local residents

Question 14

The social , economic and environmental factors that have to be considerd when a SMPs are involved in a cost/benefit analysis

Answer 14

social - safety and sercurity of people living along the coast
economic - impact on tourism , cost of defences , value of the land
environmental - nature of habitats and levels of biodiversity of ecosystems along the coast

Question 15

Current management strategy for Bacton

Answer 15

hold the line through hard engineering strategies
gas terminal has national and international importance
sea walls maintained
new riprap and groynes

Question 16

How will the strategy at Bacton impact other areas

Answer 16

Increased rate of erosion further south
Sediment bypassing could be used to help this but it is expensive

Question 17

Current managment strategy for Happisburgh

Answer 17

Managed retreat
Flood risk is minimal
Rates of erosion are high
Relativly low population
low value farmland

Question 18

Impact of managed retread on residents

Answer 18

Financial loss
Fall in house prices
Loss of land
Property distress

Question 19

What support has been offered to residents in Happisburgh

Answer 19

Legal advice
Redevelopment funds
Planning
Architectural services

Question 20

Current management for Sea Palling

Answer 20

Hold the line in the short medium term
Managed retreat longer term
Monitor the impact of saltwater inrusion on Broadland
inital plan to advance the line with 9 offshore reefs has been abandoned due to high costs and negative impact down the coastline

Question 21

How economically important is the Norfolk Broads to the local economy

Answer 21

Over 7 million tourists a year
£400 million to the local economy

Question 22

Current management strategy for Winterton

Answer 22

Do nothing
The offshore barriers at Sea Palling where cancelled due to the impact at Winterton
The sand dunes are an Area of Outstanding Beauty and a A Site of Special Scientific Interest

Question 23

How much of the Environment Agency’s budget is allocated to coastla defences

Answer 23

5%