Multi Hazard Environment Flashcards
What country do we look at for this
The Philippines
Types of Hazards
Seismic
Volcanic
Tropical storms
Primary and secondary hazards of Seismic hazards
Primary - Ground shaking , Ground rupture
Secondary - Tsunamis , Landslides , Liquefaction
Primary and secondary hazards of Volcanic hazards
Primary - Nuées ardentes , Lava flow , Pyroclastic flow , Ash fall , Tephra , Gases
Secondary - Mudflows/Lahars , Acid rain , Landslides
Primary and secondary hazards of Tropical storms
Primary - High wind speeds , Heavy rain , Storm surges
Secondary - Landslides , Flooding
Physical factors of the Philippines vulnerability
On the Pacific Ring of Fire
Lies on a tropical storm belt - 1/3 of tropical storms occur here
Human factors of Philippines vulnerability
Luzon island and capital Manila are very densely populated
A lot of people live in low lying coastal areas - 60%
Deforestation has increased landslide risk
A lot of the population live in poverty - 75%
Is a NEE - limited resources to invest in disaster management
Example of a Typhoon
Haiyan - 2013
Example of a Earthquake
Bohol - 2013
Example of a landslide
Leyte Island - 2006
Example of Tsunamis
Moro Gulf - 1976
Example of a volcanic eruption
Mt Pinatubo - 1991
Example of Flooding
Eastern Philippines - 2010
Example of drought
Luzon island - 2005
Social , environmental and economic impacts of typhoon Haiyan
Social - 6000 died , 2 million homeless , areas cut off due to transport and infrastructure damage , Flooding and landslides blocked roads , looting
Environmental - Flooding , Large areas of forest destroyed , Sewage and oil leaks and contaminated ecosystems
Economic - Rice and coconut crop lost - 50% of agricultural exports , Farmers lost land - loss of income , Fishing industries devastated - 30,000 boats lost , $2.9 billion cost in damages
Social , environmental and economic impacts of the Bohol earthquake
Social - 200 died , 800 injured , Homelessness and displacement , Road and energy services cut off , health facilities destroyed , lack of clean water - diseases
Economic - tens of thousands of buildings destroyed , around $50 million in damages
Social , environmental and economic impacts of the Leyte Island landslide
Social - 1000 died , school full of children was buried
Environmental - Land was buried - 4km
Social , environmental and economic impacts of the Moro Gulf Tsunami
Social - 8000 died , 10,000 injured , 90,000 homeless
Social , environmental and economic impacts of the Mt Pinatubo volcanic eruption
Social - 500 died
Environmental - Ash in upper atmosphere lowered global temperatures
Economic - Crop failure due to ash fall
Social , environmental and economic impacts of the Eastern Philippines Flooding
Social - 25 died , 450,000 displaced
Social , environmental and economic impacts of the Luzon Island drought
Economic - loss of hydro-electric power - decreased economic activity
Examples of Resilience
Much of the rebuilding after Typhoon Haiyan done by locals in the cash for work scheme
Local people adapt their homes to protect against disasters
Examples of Adaption
Red Cross supporting the use of land use mapping to reduce risk in vulnerable areas
Projects in The Philippines are engaged in designing low cost typhoon resistant housing
Examples of Mitigation
Aid agencies frequently play a significant role in disaster relief and recovery
Red Cross is supporting plans to build sea ways and train volunteers in disaster management
Some people have insurance but people in poverty don’t
Examples of Management
UN claims the Philippines has some of the best risk reduction laws in the world
Government commitment to ensure mos of the disaster spending by local governments is used on long term plans rather than emergency aid
How disaster in the last 20 years has the Philippines faced
300
