Multi Hazard Environment

Question 1

What country do we look at for this

Answer 1

The Philippines

Question 2

Types of Hazards

Answer 2

Seismic
Volcanic
Tropical storms

Question 3

Primary and secondary hazards of Seismic hazards

Answer 3

Primary - Ground shaking , Ground rupture
Secondary - Tsunamis , Landslides , Liquefaction

Question 4

Primary and secondary hazards of Volcanic hazards

Answer 4

Primary - Nuées ardentes , Lava flow , Pyroclastic flow , Ash fall , Tephra , Gases
Secondary - Mudflows/Lahars , Acid rain , Landslides

Question 5

Primary and secondary hazards of Tropical storms

Answer 5

Primary - High wind speeds , Heavy rain , Storm surges
Secondary - Landslides , Flooding

Question 6

Physical factors of the Philippines vulnerability

Answer 6

On the Pacific Ring of Fire
Lies on a tropical storm belt - 1/3 of tropical storms occur here

Question 7

Human factors of Philippines vulnerability

Answer 7

Luzon island and capital Manila are very densely populated
A lot of people live in low lying coastal areas - 60%
Deforestation has increased landslide risk
A lot of the population live in poverty - 75%
Is a NEE - limited resources to invest in disaster management

Question 8

Example of a Typhoon

Answer 8

Haiyan - 2013

Question 9

Example of a Earthquake

Answer 9

Bohol - 2013

Question 10

Example of a landslide

Answer 10

Leyte Island - 2006

Question 11

Example of Tsunamis

Answer 11

Moro Gulf - 1976

Question 12

Example of a volcanic eruption

Answer 12

Mt Pinatubo - 1991

Question 13

Example of Flooding

Answer 13

Eastern Philippines - 2010

Question 14

Example of drought

Answer 14

Luzon island - 2005

Question 15

Social , environmental and economic impacts of typhoon Haiyan

Answer 15

Social - 6000 died , 2 million homeless , areas cut off due to transport and infrastructure damage , Flooding and landslides blocked roads , looting
Environmental - Flooding , Large areas of forest destroyed , Sewage and oil leaks and contaminated ecosystems
Economic - Rice and coconut crop lost - 50% of agricultural exports , Farmers lost land - loss of income , Fishing industries devastated - 30,000 boats lost , $2.9 billion cost in damages

Question 16

Social , environmental and economic impacts of the Bohol earthquake

Answer 16

Social - 200 died , 800 injured , Homelessness and displacement , Road and energy services cut off , health facilities destroyed , lack of clean water - diseases
Economic - tens of thousands of buildings destroyed , around $50 million in damages

Question 17

Social , environmental and economic impacts of the Leyte Island landslide

Answer 17

Social - 1000 died , school full of children was buried
Environmental - Land was buried - 4km

Question 18

Social , environmental and economic impacts of the Moro Gulf Tsunami

Answer 18

Social - 8000 died , 10,000 injured , 90,000 homeless

Question 19

Social , environmental and economic impacts of the Mt Pinatubo volcanic eruption

Answer 19

Social - 500 died
Environmental - Ash in upper atmosphere lowered global temperatures
Economic - Crop failure due to ash fall

Question 20

Social , environmental and economic impacts of the Eastern Philippines Flooding

Answer 20

Social - 25 died , 450,000 displaced

Question 21

Social , environmental and economic impacts of the Luzon Island drought

Answer 21

Economic - loss of hydro-electric power - decreased economic activity

Question 22

Examples of Resilience

Answer 22

Much of the rebuilding after Typhoon Haiyan done by locals in the cash for work scheme
Local people adapt their homes to protect against disasters

Question 23

Examples of Adaption

Answer 23

Red Cross supporting the use of land use mapping to reduce risk in vulnerable areas
Projects in The Philippines are engaged in designing low cost typhoon resistant housing

Question 24

Examples of Mitigation

Answer 24

Aid agencies frequently play a significant role in disaster relief and recovery
Red Cross is supporting plans to build sea ways and train volunteers in disaster management
Some people have insurance but people in poverty don’t

Question 25

Examples of Management

Answer 25

UN claims the Philippines has some of the best risk reduction laws in the world
Government commitment to ensure mos of the disaster spending by local governments is used on long term plans rather than emergency aid

Question 26

How disaster in the last 20 years has the Philippines faced

Answer 26

300