Water

Question 1

Global demand for water

Answer 1

Water insecurity is not having enough clean water to meet everyone’s need
Water demand is rising because there are more people with more money - rising population- economic development- industrialisation, energy production, rising living standards

Question 2

Water insecurity

Answer 2

Physical factors - climate, geology (falls on impermable rocks)
Economic and social factors- over abstraction, more water being used than replaced caused by population growth and economic development, improvement in sanitation and high demand from business - pollution of water sources- limited infrastructure(water pipes can’t be built quick enough due to urbanisation- poverty(have to pay for water)
Water insecurity has impacts - pollution and disease, food production,industrial output, conflict

Question 3

Increasing water supply

Answer 3

Water supplies can be increased - water transfer - dams and reservoirs
Desalination allows sea water to be used as a water source- expensive

Question 4

Sustainable water supply

Answer 4

Uses less and reuse more
Water conservation – fixing leaking reservoirs, water meters
Groundwater management – monitoring amount of ground water being extracted, Farmers apply less artificial fertiliser
Recycling and grey water – used immediately instead of being treated first

Question 5

Increasing water supply case study

Answer 5

Lesotho Highland water project – local is Wakel river basin project

Lesotho- advantages – jobs, provide energy, roads improved, access to safe water always
Disadvantages – expensive, flood area, loss of habitats, government corruption
Highland Africa to South Africa