Changing Economic World Flashcards
Measuring development
Development is progress in economic growth, use of technology and improving welfare that the country is made
GNI, GNI per head, gross domestic product, Birthrate, death rate, infant mortality rate, people per doctor, literacy rate, access to safe water, life expectancy, HDI
Economic development
Some countries are more developed than others
GNI per head can be misleading on its own as it can hide variation between regions and between classes
Development and the DTM
Demographic transition model shows how changing birthrates and death rates affect population growth
When birth rate is higher than death rates population grows
Stage one demographic transition model
least developed – Birthrate hi do you to lack of contraception, death rate high due to poor health care
Stage two demographic transition model
Not very developed – many lics– People have lots of children to work meaning hi birthrate, death rate falls due to improved health care
Stage three demographic transition model
More developed – most nees– Contraception increases, healthcare improves
Stages four and five demographic transition model
Most developed – most HICS – birthrate slow people want to possess high quality of life, health care is good so death low
Causes of uneven development
Physical factors – poor climate – Poor farming land – few raw materials – lots of natural hazards
Historical reasons – colonisation – Conflict
Economic factors– Portrait links – lots of debt – economy based on primary products
Consequences – wealth, Health, international migration
Reducing the global development gap
Aid Debt relief Fair trade Investment Industrial development Using intermediate technology Tourism Micro finance loans
Reducing the development gap through tourism case study
Jamaica
Tourism, bauxite, energy – reduces gap by creating employment and tourism contribute 24%
Quality of life improved
Environment – eco-tourism, mass tourism – litter and pollution
Money from tourism goes to locals – they give tolls – build infrastructure
Transnational corporations
Companies house located in more than one country
Usually located in poorer countries as labour is cheaper so make more profit
Improve development of countries as transfer jobs, skills and money to lics
Vantages – great jobs, spare money to include local infrastructure, new technology and skills brought
Disadvantages – employees paid lower, work long hours in poor conditions
Economic development in the UK
Causes of economic change – deindustrialisation, globalisation, government policies
Science business parks – outskirts of cities for good transport links close to universities
Cast study – Cambridge science Park – Cobalt business Park
North south divide
Reduce it by reduced taxes, creating enterprise zones,smart motorways, ports systems, airports (more runways) – people come to area and spend money
Also by…
The northern powerhouse – giving an area more power/control
Devolution – giving area back its power
Economic developments in the UK
Transport network – roads, railways, airports, ports
Links to other countries – trade, culture, transport, EU, Commonwealth
Set of industry and physical environments can be reduced by modern industrial development as have better environment awareness
