Water Flashcards

1
Q

5 methods of water supply

A
  • dams/reservoirs
  • lakes and rivers
  • aquifers - water stored underground
    • it is obtained by drilling boreholes or digging wells
  • desalination - removing salt from sea water
  • rainwater harvesting
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2
Q

global water use percentages

A
  • 70% agriculture
  • 20% industry
  • 10% domestic
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3
Q

water use in MEDC’s

A

11% Domestic

30% Agriculture

59% Industry

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4
Q

water demand in MEDC’s

A

Water demand is higher in MEDCs than LEDCs because:

  • improved living standards - people have more appliances/sanitation which use water
  • increased use of water in leisure and tourism - water parks, golf courses
  • increased urbanisation
  • increasing industry - water is needed for the production of goods and energy production
  • increasing use in agriculture - more water is needed for livestock
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5
Q

water use in LEDC’s

A
  • 82% agriculture
  • 10% industrial
  • 8% domestic
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6
Q

water demand in LEDC’s

A
  • unlike MEDCs, water use in LEDCs is mostly used for agriculture
  • many people are still dependent on agriculture
  • there is far less industry in many LEDCs so the demand for water for industrial processes is low
  • many people in LEDCs do not have access to piped water and as a result, are more cautious with water use
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7
Q

5 reasons for low water supply

A
  • lack of precipitation
  • high level of evaporation
  • poor water management
  • drought
  • pollution
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8
Q

3 reasons for high demand for water

A
  • increasing population
  • industry
  • agriculture
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9
Q

6 causes of water shortage

A
  • deficit due to low precipitation throughout the year or drought
  • high demand
  • if a river is flowing through many countries, upstream countries may take large amounts of water, reducing water supply for downstream countries
  • higher temperatures may lead to increased evaporation and transpiration
  • the type of land use - agriculture leads to increased water consumption
  • conflict - many LEDCs who have struggled to meet the MDG are experiencing conflict
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10
Q

5 impacts of water shortage

A
  • death and illness due to water-borne diseases such as cholera and dysentery
  • potential for conflicts over water supply particularly where countries share a river basin
  • children in rural areas in LEDCs often miss out on school as they are responsible for collecting water (they may have to walk miles to the nearest water source)
  • lack of food
  • delayed economic development because water is not available for industry
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11
Q

7 ways to manage water supply

A
  • recycling and reusing water
  • drip irrigation delivering water to plant roots
  • water efficient appliances
  • rainwater collection
  • use of grey water for car washes and watering plants
  • wells/boreholes
  • drought resistant crops
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12
Q

Singapore case study: Newater

A
  • high grade reclaimed water
  • produced from treated used water that is purified
  • ultra clean and safe to drink
  • consistently awarded for high quality
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13
Q

singapore case study: water from local catchment

A
  • SG lacks space to collect and store rain
  • rainfall collected in reservoirs
  • water catchment area went from 1/2 to 2/3 of singapore’s land surface
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14
Q

singapore case study: imported water

A
  • SG imports water from johor
  • max of 250 million gallons drawn from johor river daily
  • imported water can supply up to 60% of SG’s water needs
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15
Q

singapore case study: desalinated water

A
  • SingSpring desalination plant produces 30 million gallons of water a day, meeting 10% of singapores water needs
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