Water Flashcards
1
Q
5 methods of water supply
A
- dams/reservoirs
- lakes and rivers
- aquifers - water stored underground
- it is obtained by drilling boreholes or digging wells
- desalination - removing salt from sea water
- rainwater harvesting
2
Q
global water use percentages
A
- 70% agriculture
- 20% industry
- 10% domestic
3
Q
water use in MEDC’s
A
11% Domestic
30% Agriculture
59% Industry
4
Q
water demand in MEDC’s
A
Water demand is higher in MEDCs than LEDCs because:
- improved living standards - people have more appliances/sanitation which use water
- increased use of water in leisure and tourism - water parks, golf courses
- increased urbanisation
- increasing industry - water is needed for the production of goods and energy production
- increasing use in agriculture - more water is needed for livestock
5
Q
water use in LEDC’s
A
- 82% agriculture
- 10% industrial
- 8% domestic
6
Q
water demand in LEDC’s
A
- unlike MEDCs, water use in LEDCs is mostly used for agriculture
- many people are still dependent on agriculture
- there is far less industry in many LEDCs so the demand for water for industrial processes is low
- many people in LEDCs do not have access to piped water and as a result, are more cautious with water use
7
Q
5 reasons for low water supply
A
- lack of precipitation
- high level of evaporation
- poor water management
- drought
- pollution
8
Q
3 reasons for high demand for water
A
- increasing population
- industry
- agriculture
9
Q
6 causes of water shortage
A
- deficit due to low precipitation throughout the year or drought
- high demand
- if a river is flowing through many countries, upstream countries may take large amounts of water, reducing water supply for downstream countries
- higher temperatures may lead to increased evaporation and transpiration
- the type of land use - agriculture leads to increased water consumption
- conflict - many LEDCs who have struggled to meet the MDG are experiencing conflict
10
Q
5 impacts of water shortage
A
- death and illness due to water-borne diseases such as cholera and dysentery
- potential for conflicts over water supply particularly where countries share a river basin
- children in rural areas in LEDCs often miss out on school as they are responsible for collecting water (they may have to walk miles to the nearest water source)
- lack of food
- delayed economic development because water is not available for industry
11
Q
7 ways to manage water supply
A
- recycling and reusing water
- drip irrigation delivering water to plant roots
- water efficient appliances
- rainwater collection
- use of grey water for car washes and watering plants
- wells/boreholes
- drought resistant crops
12
Q
Singapore case study: Newater
A
- high grade reclaimed water
- produced from treated used water that is purified
- ultra clean and safe to drink
- consistently awarded for high quality
13
Q
singapore case study: water from local catchment
A
- SG lacks space to collect and store rain
- rainfall collected in reservoirs
- water catchment area went from 1/2 to 2/3 of singapore’s land surface
14
Q
singapore case study: imported water
A
- SG imports water from johor
- max of 250 million gallons drawn from johor river daily
- imported water can supply up to 60% of SG’s water needs
15
Q
singapore case study: desalinated water
A
- SingSpring desalination plant produces 30 million gallons of water a day, meeting 10% of singapores water needs