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geography > Food Production > Flashcards

Food Production Flashcards

1
Q

what is arable farming

A

the cultivation of crops e.g. wheat farming

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2
Q

what is pastoral farming

A

rearing livestock e.g. beef

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3
Q

what is commercial farming

A

growing crops or rearing livestock to sell for profit

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4
Q

what is subsistence farming

A

growing crops or rearing livestock to feed the farmer and their family

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5
Q

what is extensive farming

A

a farm with low inputs or yields per hectare

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6
Q

what is intensive farming

A

a farm with high inputs or yields per hectare

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7
Q

what is nomadic farming

A

farmers move seasonally with livestock to different areas

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8
Q

what is sedentary farming

A

the same area of land is farming year after year

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9
Q

6 physical factors influencing type of agriculture

A
  • temperature - optimum temperature for crop growth
  • growing season - the length of growing season affects the type of crop grown e.g. barley needs about 90 days from sowing to harvest
  • precipitation - water is required for crops to thrive
  • relief and slope aspect - the altitude of the land affects temperature and the steepness affects the suitability for crops. different crops may be grown on south-facing slopes which get more sunshine and are warmer
  • soil type and fertility - crops need deeper, more fertile soil
  • drainage - for most crops to grow the land needs to be well drained so that roots do not get waterlogged
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10
Q

6 human factors affecting agriculture

A
  • tradition - many farms simply grow the crops or raise the livestock that have been on the farm for generations
  • subsidies - farmers may change crops or livestock depending on the money available from the government
  • transport - the cost of transporting the product may affect what is produced
  • farm size - larger farms can afford more in terms of feed, fertiliser and machinery
  • market demand - the changing demand for produce. increased demand for meat may affect the choice of what is produced
  • capital - the amount of money a farmer has to invest
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11
Q

3 physical inputs to farms

A
  • climate
  • soil
  • relief
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12
Q

5 human inputs to farms

A
  • subsidies
  • machinery
  • labour
  • pesticides/fertiliser
  • seeds
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13
Q

8 processes in farms

A
  • ploughing
  • milking
  • sowing
  • shearing
  • pest control
  • fertilising
  • harvesting
  • feeding
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14
Q

8 outputs in farms

A
  • cereal
  • crops
  • hay/straw
  • milk
  • meat
  • manure
  • eggs
  • vegetables
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15
Q

5 impacts of farming systems

A
  • monocultures reduce diversity because the animals have no access to a wide range of foods
  • when nutrient cycling is often dependent on fertilisers added to the soil, this may be natural (manure) or artificial fertilisers
  • when the ecosystem is modified with inputs of seed, fertiliser, pesticides, herbicides and the use of machines
  • where food webs are reduced
  • reducing the amount of biomass
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16
Q

5 natural causes of food shortage

A
  • flooding- crops cannot cope with being waterlogged
  • causes the death of livestock - drought and unreliable rainfall. this can reduce crop yields significantly
  • disease - reduce yields, result in livestock deaths/culling e.g. swine flu
  • pests - locusts can wipe out entire fields of crops in a matter of hours
  • tropical cyclones - heavy rainfall and strong winds which can destroy large areas of crops
17
Q

7 human causes of food shortage

A
  • war and conflict - people are unable to farm due to the conflict. war also disrupts the supply and movement of food supplies
  • rising food prices - people cannot afford the food that they need
  • human-induced global warming - this leads to changing weather patterns, increased temperatures and rising sea levels
  • lack of investment - many LEDCs have poor transport systems which means that transporting food and livestock is difficult
  • corruption- investment in rural areas and agriculture does not happen due to corrupt politicians taking the money
  • rapid population increase - the food available has to be shared between more people, decreasing the amount that people have
  • soil erosion and desertification - overgrazing and over-cultivation lead to a loss of soil fertility so plants won’t grow, or yields decrease
18
Q

6 impacts of food shortage

A
  • malnutrition
  • rising food prices
  • underdevelopment - loss of productivity
  • soil erosion and desertification
  • social unrest
  • migration
19
Q

8 solutions to food shortage

A
  • appropriate technology
  • educated farmers
  • green revolution
  • GM crops
  • food aid
  • fertilisers/pesticides
  • mechanisation
  • irrigation
20
Q

5 causes of food shortage in Somalia

A
  • Al Shabaab - terrorist group in Somalia mean aid can’t get to certain areas and they use food as a weapon to control and recruit
  • suffering from a two year drought
  • already existing levels of malnutrition
  • drought kills livestock and agriculture (90% animal mortality in some areas
  • lack of action from the government - $1 billion required, less than $200 million raised
21
Q

7 impacts of food shortage in Somalia

A
  • 2/3 of those displaced dont have access to clean water
  • 4 million suffering from hunger and malnutrition
  • death by starvation
  • loss of livestock and crops
  • high inflation of food prices, which many can’t afford
  • poverty, leading to physical and mental health issues
  • migration across the border into Ethiopia
22
Q

Bangladesh case study: 6 inputs

A
  • rich alluvial soils full of nutrients due to annual flooding of river ganges
  • manure from water buffalo adds fertility
  • large population–> high labour input
  • land to grow and relief
  • climate - plenty of rain and high temperatures
  • water availability
23
Q

bangladesh case study: 5 processes

A
  • rice initially grown in nurseries, then transported as soon as monsoon rains flood fields
  • animals used for ploughing instead of machinery
  • fish added to padi to add protein to diet and fruit trees
  • low walls built to keep water in the padi fields
  • sowing, weeding, planting, harvesting
24
Q

bangladesh case study: 6 outputs

A
  • During the dry season, when there is often insufficient water for rice, either vegetation’s or a cereal crop is grown.
  • farmers grow vegetables on small land plot
  • rice
  • money from selling
  • family consumption
  • new investments in irrigation

geography (12 decks)

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