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geography > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

what is development

A

the process of a country where it improves its quality of life for its people, making its place more independent.

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2
Q

what are the stages of development

A

Least developed countries → developing countries → newly developed countries → Developed countries.

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3
Q

what is quality of life

A

the person’s well-being in terms of environment, security, health and happiness.

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4
Q

8 indicators of development

A
  • Gross National Product (GNP) per capita
  • Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita
  • Birth Rate
  • Death Rate
  • Literacy rate
  • Life expectancy
  • Infant Mortality
  • Composite indices like the Human Development Index (HDI)
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5
Q

what is Gross National Product (GNP) per capita?

A

wealth of a country averaged per person.

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6
Q

what is Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita?

A

the total value of goods and services produced

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7
Q

what is economic activity

A

Economic activity involves making, providing, purchasing, or selling goods or services.

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8
Q

what are the 4 economic secotrs

A
  • Primary.
  • Secondary.
  • Tertiary.
  • Quaternary.
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9
Q

what happens in the primary sector

A

extraction of raw materials e.g. mining, farming

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10
Q

what happens in the secondary sector

A

production of goods using resources from primary sector e.g. shoe factory

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11
Q

what happens in the tertiary sector

A

providing services using products from secondary sector e.g. restaurant, hair salon

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12
Q

what happens in the quaternary sector

A

providing information & ICT e.g. software development

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13
Q

how may the sectors be divided in an LEDC

A
  • The majority are in the primary sector.
  • Few in the secondary sector.
  • Tertiary may be larger than secondary.
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14
Q

how may the sectors be divided in an NIC

A
  • Majority tertiary.
  • Few in the secondary sector primary.
  • Primary is larger than secondary.
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15
Q

how may the sectors be divided in an MEDC

A
  • Low proportion in the primary sector.
  • Numbers are falling in the secondary sector.
  • The tertiary sector is the primary growth area.
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16
Q

what is globalisation

A

Process in which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected through economic, cultural, political and tourism processes.

17
Q

4 causes of globalisation

A
  • Improvements in transportation
  • Freedom of trade
  • Improvements of communications
  • Labour availability and skills
18
Q

7 positive impacts of globalisation

A
  • Economic growth
  • Job Creation and Employment
  • Access to Goods and Services
  • Cultural Exchange and Diversity
  • Technological Advancements
  • Access to Information and Communication
  • Environmental Awareness and Sustainability
19
Q

7 drawbacks of globalisation

A
  • Economic Inequal
  • Job Displacement and Labor Exploitation
  • Environmental Degradation
  • Cultural Homogenization
  • Exploitation of Developing Countries
  • Social Disruption and Inequality
  • Public Health Risks
20
Q

what are transnational companies (TNC’s)

A

Companies that operate in more than 1 country, usually in foreign countries or overseas.

21
Q

5 advantages of TNC’s

A
  • job opportunities
  • Improvement in skills and communication
  • Good education, healthcare and good quality of life.
  • Cheaper products
  • Access to vast levels of skills and resources.
22
Q

5 disadvantages of TNC’s

A
  • Damage to the environment - factories create air pollution.
  • Cultural dilution or loss of cultural identity.
  • Profits going overseas.
  • Natural resources are being over-exploited.
  • Daily living costs increased.
23
Q

TNC case study: Nike general facts

A
  • working factories in China for 30 years
  • in 2013, had 765 factories in 43 countries with over 1 million employees
24
Q

Nike 5 global links

A
  • China has 206 factories and Vietnam has 66
  • Nike factories have poor working conditions and long hours with low wages
  • Nike has relocated many factories to countries with lower wages
  • supplies out of China due to its abundant labour supply and cheap labour costs
  • most factories are in south-east asia because:
  • labour is cheap
  • government offered incentives
  • has shops in more than 300 cities
  • countries are close together - reduced transport costs

geography (12 decks)

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