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biology - biological molecules > water > Flashcards

water Flashcards

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1
Q

what’s specific heat capacity

A

energy required to raise one kg of the material by 1 degree celcius

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2
Q

what’s specific latent heat

A

amount of energy required to change the state of one kg of a material without changing its temperature.

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3
Q

name 5 functions of water

A

reactant, solvent, transport medium , temperature control . habitat

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4
Q

how is water a reactant

A

involved in many chemical reactions

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5
Q

how is water a solvent

A

substances can dissolve in it eg the cyptoplasm

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6
Q

how is water a good transport medium

A

since its a good solvemy , solutes can be easily transported.

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7
Q

how does water have good temperature control

A

due to it high specific heat capacity and high latent heat of vaporisation.

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8
Q

how is water a good habitat

A

as it helps with temperature control , is a solvent and becomes less dense below 4 degrees Celsius when its frozen , aquatic organisms can live in it.

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9
Q

how much of the surface of earth does water make up

A

3/4ths

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10
Q

is water a polar molecule

A

yes

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11
Q

define polar

A

When a molecule is polar, it means its positive and negative electrical charges are unevenly distributed so part of the molecule is partially positive, while part is partially negative

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12
Q

how is water polar

A

the oxygen atom attracts more electrons (very electronegative)due to it having more protons than the hydrogens , making the hydrogens slightly positive and the oxygen slightly negative.

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13
Q

what are hydrogen bonds

A

bonds between water molecules , bond easily due to slightly negative hydrogen being able to bond to slightly negative oxygen, hydrogen bonds also contribute to the properties of water.

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14
Q

properties of water : what is adhesion

A

water molecules stick to other substances

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15
Q

properties of water : what is cohesion

A

water molecules stick to each other

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16
Q

how does cohesion help organisms

A

allows water striders to skate on water since cohesion contributes to surface tension(water has alot of this)

17
Q

what’s surface tension

A

property allowing liquid to resist external force

18
Q

how do cohesion and adhesion help water travel up a plant

A

water molecules stick to xylem walls via adhesion and then stick to each other via cohesion in order to bring water up a plant against gravity.

19
Q

properties of water : what is a super solvent

A

water can dissolve many other molecules ESPECIALLY polar molecules and ionic compounds.

20
Q

how is water useful for organisms as a solvent

A

many organisms use water a solvent for processes. A main component for bodily fluids is also water.

21
Q

properties of water : what happens to water below 4 degrees Celsius.(ice as an insulating layer)

A

expanding , becoming less dense and acting as a insulating layer. Hydrogen bonds don’t break and remake as often when frozen , molecules are set into a lattice.

22
Q

how does ice as an insulating layer help organisms

A

it protects aquatic organisms underneath , they do not freeze and are able to swim

23
Q

properties of water : what is high specific heat capacity for water

A

water does not fluctuate in temperature which is stabilising for aquatic organisms.Water in the cyptoplasm does not fluctuate due to high specific heat capacity which means the enzymes wont be denatured.

24
Q

properties of water: water has evaporative cooling

A

water moves faster when heated and more likely to change into gas , so when it evaporates its heat and energy is no longer on your body.

25
Q

do water molecules form strong hydrogen bonds between each other

A

no , they are weak ,weaker than a covalent bond

26
Q

how do polymers and hydrogen bonds relate

A

in some polymers thousands of them are formed between chains of monomers.

27
Q

how do hydrogen bonds help biological molecules

A

stabilises their structure.

28
Q

why is water a good solvent

A

it is a polar solvent and it can dissolve polar molecules and ionic compounds , polar molecules cant dissolve non polar.

29
Q

what happens to water in a solid state

A

when water reaches a solid state hydrogen bonds become more stable , breaking and a reforming less, arranging water molecules further from each other

30
Q

how does water in a solid state explain “why does ice float on water”

A

water in a solid state expands and becomes less dense than water, making it float

31
Q

do the exam questions on the water ppt

A

biology - biological molecules (5 decks)

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