monosaccharides.

Question 1

what percent of the body do carbohydrates account for

Answer 1

10%

Question 2

name some functions of carbohydrates

Answer 2

energy source (e.g glucose)
energy store ( e.g. starch)
structure ( e.g cellulose)
functional groups( e.g ribose in RNA , deoxyribose in DNA

Question 3

what are carbohydrates

Answer 3

a group of substances used as both energy sources and structural material in organisms.

Question 4

what do all carbohydrates contain

Answer 4

carbon hydrogen and oxygen

Question 5

what are monosaccharides

Answer 5

simple sugars

Question 6

general formula of monosaccharides

Answer 6

(CH2O)n ( n can be any number from 3-7)

Question 7

examples of monosaccharides

Answer 7

glucose , fructose and ribose.

Question 8

properties of fructose

Answer 8

soluble , sweeter than glucose.

Question 9

fructose is the main sugar in….

Answer 9

fruits

Question 10

properties of galactose

Answer 10

not as soluble as glucose

Question 11

what important role does galactose have

Answer 11

important role in the production of glycolipids and glycoproteins.

Question 12

what do pentose monosaccharides contain

Answer 12

five carbon atoms

Question 13

like hexose..

Answer 13

pentoses are long enough to form a ring.

Question 14

what are two important pentose monosaccharides

Answer 14

the structural isomers RIBOSE AND DEOXYRIBOSE

Question 15

what is a constituent in RNA

Answer 15

ribose

Question 16

what is a constituent in DNA

Answer 16

deoxyribose

Question 17

what’s the difference between ribose and deoxyribose.

Answer 17

the only difference between them is that ribose has one H atom and one -OH group attached to carbon 2 , whereas deoxyribose has 2 H atoms and no -OH group.

Question 18

draw ribose

Question 19

draw alpha glucose

Question 20

draw beta glucose

Question 21

what are two structural isomers of glucose

Answer 21

alpha and beta

Question 22

what’s the difference between alpha glucose and beta

Answer 22

the position of the -OH group attached to carbon 1 , in alpha glucose its below the carbon and in beta its above the carbon

Question 23

how does this minor structural difference have a major effect

Answer 23

it has a major effect on the biological roles of alpha and beta glucose

Question 24

why is alpha glucose useful and important as a molecule

Answer 24

its the substrate for respiration (occurs in mitrochondria)

Question 25

what do enzymes do to the alpha glucose molecule

Answer 25

they break it apart which generates a form of energy (ATP) which is utilised by the rest of the body.

Question 26

structure and bonding of alpha glucose

Answer 26

1-4 glycosidic bonding , monomer, hexose , C6H12O6

Question 27

properties of alpha glucose

Answer 27

soluble, dissolves in plasma , sweet ,small and easily transported / detected.

Question 28

what can make glucose dangerous

Answer 28

excess amount of it in body fluids not being able to be stored , this is dangerous for cell structure . The body must be able to store excess glucose.(animals)

Question 29

how do plants produce glucose

Answer 29

as a product of photosynthesis

Question 30

after glucose in plants is produced via a product of photosynthesis what is it used for

Answer 30

as a substrate for respiration

Question 31

what happens when there’s excess amount of glucose in tissue fluids in plants

Answer 31

same things noted in animal cells (isotonic , hypertonic , hypotonic)

Question 32

plants should be able to..

Answer 32

store excess glucose