polysaccharides Flashcards
what are polysaccharides
polymers containing many monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds. Like disaccharides , polysaccharides are formed by condensation reactions.
what are polysaccharides mainly used for
as an energy store and as structural components of cells.
what are the major polysaccharides in plants
starch and cellulose
what is the major polysaccharide in animals
glycogen
draw amylose , amylopectin and glycogen
ppt.
polysaccharides: what do plants store excess glucose as
starch
polysaccharides: why doesn’t starch affect osmosis
its insoluble in water
what is starch a mixture of
amylopectin(80%) and amylose (20%)
what is amylose(plants)
a long unbranched chain of alpha glucose joined by glycosidic bonds through condensation reactions, compact coiled structure and good for storage.
what is amylopectin(plants)
a long branched chain of alpha glucose. Glucose can be release quickly as its easier for enzymes to get to the branches.
how is the polysaccharide amylose formed
many alpha glucoses (monosaccharides) form glycosidic bonds in a condensation reaction to form amylose
how is the polysaccharide amylose broken down
by a hydrolysis reaction , water is added providing a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a hydrogen (-H) which helps the glycosidic bond break.
what is amylose used for
its a storage carbohydrate
how does amylose have hydrogen bonds
as it forms it coils , making it more compact , due to the bond angles this is stabilised with hydrogen bonds.
why does amylose have few break off points
it is not branched.
what is amylose used for
as a storage carbohydrate
what is the structure and bonding of amylose
1-4 glycosidic bonding , polymer of alpha glucose, coils into a spiral shape , hydrogen bonding holds the spiral in place