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bio exam #1 > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What percent of an organism is made up of water?

A

70%

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2
Q

What kind of molecule is H2O?

A

Water is a polar molecule

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3
Q

How many properties of H20 are there?

A

5

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4
Q

What are the properties of H2O?

A
  1. Water is cohesive and adhesive
  2. Water has a high specific heat
  3. Water has a high heat of evaporation
  4. Ice floats
  5. Water is a great solvent
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5
Q

Cohesion

A

Water molecules stick to each other

“like sticks to like”

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6
Q

Adhesion

A

Water molecules will stick (adhere) to any charged or partially charged molecule

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7
Q

What causes surface tension?

A

Cohesion and adhesion

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8
Q

What causes capillarity?

A

Cohesion and adhesion

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9
Q

Capillarity

A

The phenomenon of H20 moving against gravity through small tubes (sucking up through the tube)

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10
Q

What is “specific heat”?

A

A measure of how much energy a substance can absorb without changing its temperature

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11
Q

Temperature

A

A measure of molecular vibration

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12
Q

What is the temperature when molecules are vibrating fast?

A

High temperatures

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13
Q

What is the temperature when molecules are vibrating slow?

A

Low temperatures

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14
Q

How many H bonds does an H20 molecule have?

A

Maximum of 4 H bonds

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15
Q

How many H bonds does ice have?

A

4 bonds

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16
Q

How many H bonds does water have?

A

3 bonds

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17
Q

How many H bonds does hot water have?

A

2 bonds

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18
Q

How many H bonds does boiling water have?

A

1 bond

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19
Q

How many H bonds does steam have?

A

0 bonds

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20
Q

What prevents the vibrations of water molecules?

A

H bonds. That’s why ice has 4 H bonds, the vibration is low

21
Q

How does water help regulate temperatures?

A

Water is a GREAT heat sink. It will absorb heat and stabilize the temperature throughout the day. (why Bayfield is always chilly, the lake is sucking up the heat)

22
Q

In what unit is energy measured?

A

Calories - Physics calories reference WATER

23
Q

calories

A

Physics calories 1000c=1C

24
Q

Calories

A

Nutrition calories 1C=1000c

25
Q

Heat of vaporization

A

The additional energy needed to convert a liquid into a gas

26
Q

True or False: Water is denser than ice

A

TRUE. The only time a liquid state is heavier than a solid state.

27
Q

Why is water denser than ice?

A

The molecules in ice are spread out, whereas the molecules in water and packed in tight

28
Q

Why do bodies of water not freeze all the way through?

A

The ice on top insulates the water beneath

29
Q

What is a “solvent”?

A

A liquid that dissolves solids - water is a great solvent

30
Q

What is a “solute”?

A

The solid that is dissolved by the solvent

31
Q

What is a “solution”?

A

A solvent plus one or more solutes

32
Q

What can dissolve in water?

A

Any molecule that has a charge

33
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Any substance that CAN dissolve in water

34
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Any substance that CANNOT dissolve in water

35
Q

“water-loving”

A

Hydrophilic

36
Q

“water-fearing”

A

Hydrophobic

37
Q

What happens when acids and bases dissolve in H20?

A

They change the concentrations of H+ and OH- ions

38
Q

OH-

A

Hydroxide

39
Q

What is the suffix for an anion?

A

-ide

40
Q

What is the suffix for a cation?

A

-ine

41
Q

How can you determine the amount of H+ in a solution?

A

The pH scale

42
Q

How can you determine the amount of OH- in a solution?

A

The pOH scale

43
Q

1-6 pH

A

Acidic (acids) - more H+ than OH-

44
Q

7 pH

A

Neutral - equal amount of H+ and OH-

45
Q

8-14 pH

A

Basic (bases) - more OH- than H+

46
Q

What is the pH of human blood?

A

7.2, making it slightly basic

47
Q

What is a “buffer”?

A

A solution that absorbs changes in H+ or OH- without changing the pH

48
Q

What are two types of buffers?

A

Blood and cytoplasm

bio exam #1 (5 decks)

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