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bio exam #1 > The Science of Life > Flashcards

The Science of Life Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is “Science”?

A

Using the scientific method to study natural phenomena

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2
Q

What are “Natural phenomena”?

A

Things detected with one or more of the senses

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3
Q

Sensory Acuity

A

The ability to detect faint signals

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4
Q

What are the scientific method steps?

A
  1. Observe a phenomenon
  2. Hypothesize an explanation
  3. Experiment to DISPROVE your hypothesis
  4. Conclude the hypothesis supported or disproved
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5
Q

OHEC

A

Observe
Hypothesis
Experiment
Conclude

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6
Q

Hypothesis

A

A possible answer to the question “how or why did this phenomenon occur?”

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7
Q

What makes a good hypothesis?

A

A good hypothesis is falsifiable. The simpler, the better.

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8
Q

How should you design your experiment?

A

So, you can disprove your hypothesis. Include controlled variables and ONE experimental variable.

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9
Q

Variable

A

Anything that can be manipulated in an experiment

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10
Q

Experimental variable

A

the ONE variable that is manipulated in an experiment

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11
Q

Controlled variables

A

All variable that are NOT experimental variables. They should be kept constant.

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12
Q

The conclusion may be that the hypothesis is supported. Now what?

A

Repeat the experiment

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13
Q

Theory

A

When a hypothesis is supported over decades of experimenting. It is not “proven true” but is widely accepted as the answer

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14
Q

What if a hypothesis is supported over decades of repeated experiments?

A

It is now a “theory (scientific theory).” It is not proven true but widely accepted as the answer

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15
Q

Scientific Theory

A

An extensively tested hypothesis that is accepted as a correct explanation of the phenomenon. There can be many theories for one phenomenon, like aging.

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16
Q

What is dementia?

A

The rapid loss of neurons

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17
Q

Law

A

Something that is always observed as true. There are NO laws in biology

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18
Q

What is a cell made of?

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm and DNA

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19
Q

What is a virus made of?

A

Protein coat and RNA/DNA

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20
Q

Are virus’ alive?

A

No, they are not cellular therefore they are not alive.

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21
Q

Antibiotic greek meaning

A

“Anti-living”

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22
Q

Is there a simple definition of “life”?

A

No, we have lists of characteristics that all living things have in common

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23
Q

What are the “characteristics of life?”

A
  1. Cellular - consist of one or more cells
  2. Manipulate energy - the ability to manipulate energy
  3. Respond to stimuli - the ability to respond to stimuli
  4. Grow & develop - the ability to grow and develop into adulthood
  5. Reproduce - the ability to reproduce
  6. Evolve - the ability to evolve
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24
Q

COL - Cellular

A

Consisting of one or more cells

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25
Q

COL - Manipulate energy

A

“Energy is neither created nor destroyed” - 1st Law of Thermodynamics
Collecting energy from the environment and turning it into energy (food) for that organism

26
Q

COL - Respond to stimuli

A

The ability to respond to stimuli. If you step on a rock, it doesn’t move but if you step on a turtle, it DOES move.

27
Q

COL - Grow and Develop

A

The ability to grow from progenitor to adult

28
Q

Metabolism

A

The manipulation of energy

29
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of constant internal conditions
Greek - “unchanging self”

30
Q

Stimulus

A

A change in internal or external conditions, the environment

31
Q

Irritability

A

The ability to respond to stimuli

32
Q

Growth

A

An increase in cell size or cell number.

Single celled organisms grow by increasing size and multi celled organisms grow by increasing the number of cells

33
Q

Development

A

Production of structures that differ from the progenitor

baby to adult

34
Q

Progenitor

A

The original structure

35
Q

How many domains of life are there?

A

6

36
Q

How many kingdoms of life are there?

A

6

37
Q

What are the kingdoms of life?

A
  1. Eubacteria
  2. Archaebacteria
  3. Protista
  4. Fungi
  5. Animalia
  6. Plantae
38
Q

What does the prefix “Eu” mean?

A

True

39
Q

What does the prefix “Pro” mean?

A

Before

40
Q

What does “karyon” mean?

A

Nucleus

41
Q

Which type of cell has a nucleus?

A

Eukaryotic cell

42
Q

Which type of cell does not have a nucleus?

A

Prokaryotic cell

43
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Has a nucleus

44
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Does NOT have a nucleus

45
Q

KT - Eubacteria

A

Prokaryotic - Single celled - Reproduces asexually

46
Q

KT - Archaebacteria

A

Prokaryotic - Single celled - Reproduces asexually

47
Q

KT - Protista

A

Eukaryotic - Single celled - Reproduces asexually

48
Q

KT - Fungi

A

Eukaryotic - Multicellular - Reproduces BOTH asexually and sexually

49
Q

KT - Animalia

A

Eukaryotic - Multicellular - Reproduces sexually

50
Q

KT - Plantae

A

Eukaryotic - Multicellular - Reproduces sexually

51
Q

What is the function of the Protista domain?

A

It is the junk/miscellaneous “drawer”

52
Q

What is the function of the Fungi domain?

A

They digest outside of their bodies. They are asexual as long as there are enough resources but switch to sexual reproduction if resources are limited.

53
Q

What is the function of the Animalia domain?

A

The only kingdom with a nervous system. Which is why the response time of a cheetah is so different than the response time of a venus fly trap

54
Q

Reproduction

A

Creating offspring that resemble the parent(s) - the resemblance is due to them sharing DNA

55
Q

Evolution

A

Changes in a population’s gene pool over generations of time

56
Q

Population

A

A geographically localized community that potentially shares DNA

57
Q

Gene pool

A

All of the alleles of a population

58
Q

Allele

A

A variant (version) of a gene

59
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical expression of alleles - hair color, eye color, etc

60
Q

Is there one theory for evolution?

A

No, there are multiple theories.
1. Theory of Natural selection
2. Theory of sexual selection
3. Theory of common ancestry

61
Q

What is MRSA?

A

Multi-drug-resistant staphylococcus aureus
created by the theory of natural selection

bio exam #1 (5 decks)

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