The Science of Life

Question 1

What is “Science”?

Answer 1

Using the scientific method to study natural phenomena

Question 2

What are “Natural phenomena”?

Answer 2

Things detected with one or more of the senses

Question 3

Sensory Acuity

Answer 3

The ability to detect faint signals

Question 4

What are the scientific method steps?

Answer 4

1. Observe a phenomenon
2. Hypothesize an explanation
3. Experiment to DISPROVE your hypothesis
4. Conclude the hypothesis supported or disproved

Question 5

OHEC

Answer 5

Observe
Hypothesis
Experiment
Conclude

Question 6

Hypothesis

Answer 6

A possible answer to the question “how or why did this phenomenon occur?”

Question 7

What makes a good hypothesis?

Answer 7

A good hypothesis is falsifiable. The simpler, the better.

Question 8

How should you design your experiment?

Answer 8

So, you can disprove your hypothesis. Include controlled variables and ONE experimental variable.

Question 9

Variable

Answer 9

Anything that can be manipulated in an experiment

Question 10

Experimental variable

Answer 10

the ONE variable that is manipulated in an experiment

Question 11

Controlled variables

Answer 11

All variable that are NOT experimental variables. They should be kept constant.

Question 12

The conclusion may be that the hypothesis is supported. Now what?

Answer 12

Repeat the experiment

Question 13

Theory

Answer 13

When a hypothesis is supported over decades of experimenting. It is not “proven true” but is widely accepted as the answer

Question 14

What if a hypothesis is supported over decades of repeated experiments?

Answer 14

It is now a “theory (scientific theory).” It is not proven true but widely accepted as the answer

Question 15

Scientific Theory

Answer 15

An extensively tested hypothesis that is accepted as a correct explanation of the phenomenon. There can be many theories for one phenomenon, like aging.

Question 16

What is dementia?

Answer 16

The rapid loss of neurons

Question 17

Law

Answer 17

Something that is always observed as true. There are NO laws in biology

Question 18

What is a cell made of?

Answer 18

Cell membrane, cytoplasm and DNA

Question 19

What is a virus made of?

Answer 19

Protein coat and RNA/DNA

Question 20

Are virus’ alive?

Answer 20

No, they are not cellular therefore they are not alive.

Question 21

Antibiotic greek meaning

Answer 21

“Anti-living”

Question 22

Is there a simple definition of “life”?

Answer 22

No, we have lists of characteristics that all living things have in common

Question 23

What are the “characteristics of life?”

Answer 23

1. Cellular - consist of one or more cells
2. Manipulate energy - the ability to manipulate energy
3. Respond to stimuli - the ability to respond to stimuli
4. Grow & develop - the ability to grow and develop into adulthood
5. Reproduce - the ability to reproduce
6. Evolve - the ability to evolve

Question 24

COL - Cellular

Answer 24

Consisting of one or more cells

Question 25

COL - Manipulate energy

Answer 25

"Energy is neither created nor destroyed" - 1st Law of Thermodynamics Collecting energy from the environment and turning it into energy (food) for that organism

Question 26

COL - Respond to stimuli

Answer 26

The ability to respond to stimuli. If you step on a rock, it doesn't move but if you step on a turtle, it DOES move.

Question 27

COL - Grow and Develop

Answer 27

The ability to grow from progenitor to adult

Question 28

Metabolism

Answer 28

The manipulation of energy

Question 29

Homeostasis

Answer 29

The maintenance of constant internal conditions Greek - "unchanging self"

Question 30

Stimulus

Answer 30

A change in internal or external conditions, the environment

Question 31

Irritability

Answer 31

The ability to respond to stimuli

Question 32

Growth

Answer 32

An increase in cell size or cell number. Single celled organisms grow by increasing size and multi celled organisms grow by increasing the number of cells

Question 33

Development

Answer 33

Production of structures that differ from the progenitor baby to adult

Question 34

Progenitor

Answer 34

The original structure

Question 35

How many domains of life are there?

Answer 35

6

Question 36

How many kingdoms of life are there?

Answer 36

6

Question 37

What are the kingdoms of life?

Answer 37

1. Eubacteria 2. Archaebacteria 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Animalia 5. Plantae

Question 38

What does the prefix "Eu" mean?

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What does the prefix "Pro" mean?

Answer 39

Before

Question 40

What does "karyon" mean?

Answer 40

Nucleus

Question 41

Which type of cell has a nucleus?

Answer 41

Eukaryotic cell

Question 42

Which type of cell does not have a nucleus?

Answer 42

Prokaryotic cell

Question 43

Eukaryotic

Answer 43

Has a nucleus

Question 44

Prokaryotic

Answer 44

Does NOT have a nucleus

Question 45

KT - Eubacteria

Answer 45

Prokaryotic - Single celled - Reproduces asexually

Question 46

KT - Archaebacteria

Answer 46

Prokaryotic - Single celled - Reproduces asexually

Question 47

KT - Protista

Answer 47

Eukaryotic - Single celled - Reproduces asexually

Question 48

KT - Fungi

Answer 48

Eukaryotic - Multicellular - Reproduces BOTH asexually and sexually

Question 49

KT - Animalia

Answer 49

Eukaryotic - Multicellular - Reproduces sexually

Question 50

KT - Plantae

Answer 50

Eukaryotic - Multicellular - Reproduces sexually

Question 51

What is the function of the Protista domain?

Answer 51

It is the junk/miscellaneous "drawer"

Question 52

What is the function of the Fungi domain?

Answer 52

They digest outside of their bodies. They are asexual as long as there are enough resources but switch to sexual reproduction if resources are limited.

Question 53

What is the function of the Animalia domain?

Answer 53

The only kingdom with a nervous system. Which is why the response time of a cheetah is so different than the response time of a venus fly trap

Question 54

Reproduction

Answer 54

Creating offspring that resemble the parent(s) - the resemblance is due to them sharing DNA

Question 55

Evolution

Answer 55

Changes in a population's gene pool over generations of time

Question 56

Population

Answer 56

A geographically localized community that potentially shares DNA

Question 57

Gene pool

Answer 57

All of the alleles of a population

Question 58

Allele

Answer 58

A variant (version) of a gene

Question 59

Phenotype

Answer 59

The physical expression of alleles - hair color, eye color, etc

Question 60

Is there one theory for evolution?

Answer 60

No, there are multiple theories. 1. Theory of Natural selection 2. Theory of sexual selection 3. Theory of common ancestry

Question 61

What is MRSA?

Answer 61

Multi-drug-resistant staphylococcus aureus ****created by the theory of natural selection****