Water

Question 1

Define lag time

Answer 1

the period of time between peak rainfall and peak discharge

Question 2

What % of global water do oceans store?

Answer 2

96.9%

Question 3

What % of water is surface water (rivers and lakes)?

Answer 3

0.01%

Question 4

name 4 SuDS

Answer 4

green roofs, permeable pavements, rainwater harvesting, wetlands. (source control / site control)

Question 5

rivers flooding

Answer 5

fluvial

Question 6

rain flooding

Answer 6

pluvial

Question 7

ITCZ

Answer 7

June - cancer - wet
December - capricorn - wet
due to EARTHS TILT

Question 8

El nino

Answer 8

east to south america, floods, low air pressure

Question 9

La nina

Answer 9

west to australia, strong trade winds, floods

Question 10

example of rainfall as a cause of flooding

Answer 10

november 2013 thunderstorms in sardinia

Question 11

example of snowmelt as a cause of flooding

Answer 11

2009 floods in dakota

Question 12

urbanisation causing flooding example

Answer 12

2015-16 winter floods in the uk 1.3bn in damges

Question 13

environmental impacts of flooding

Answer 13

-soils polluted by chemicals
-eutrophication
-more groundwater and soil moisture

Question 14

3 flood stats reported by the emergency events database

Answer 14

between 2000-2019:
44% of all disasters were floods
$652Bn in economic losses
90% of all flood deaths were in Asia

Question 15

3 Causes of 2011 queensland floods

Answer 15

• la nina year
• too much water released from wivenhoe dam
• houses in floodplain areas

Question 16

3 Impacts of 2011 Queensland floods

Answer 16

90% of mangroves died
25,000 people isolated
$800 million lost

Question 17

2 causes of 2021 pakistan floods

Answer 17

monsoonal rainfal 508% above average
3x the amount of glacial lake outbursts

Question 18

2 impacts of 2021 pakistan floods

Answer 18

crops washed away
increased disease

Question 19

What are the 5 parameters of the water quality index? (RACUE)

Answer 19

resources
access
capacity
use
environment

Question 20

What % of people experience severe water scarcity for at least one month each year

Answer 20

66%

Question 21

What % of the worlds water is privatised

Answer 21

10%

Question 22

How much water will nestle extract from the arkansas valley?

Answer 22

650 million gallons of Arkansas Valley water over the next decade

Question 23

How many countries compete for the Nile’s water?

Answer 23

11

Question 24

What is the main nile conflict?

Answer 24

between ethiopia and sudan who control the source and egypt. especially due to ethiopian GRD.

Question 25

Why is chinas south-north water transfer project needed?

Answer 25

50% of population and 65% of farmland are in the north however 80% of water is in the south.

Question 26

how does the s-n wtp work?

Answer 26

25 billion m3 of fresh water delivered from the yangtze basin to the north

Question 27

advantages and disadvantages of south-north wtp

Answer 27

adressing water insecurity for 53 million people in the north. however 300,000 people displaced for contruction and does not address underlying causes of water scarcity in the north.

Question 28

Singapores 4 taps

Answer 28

recycled grey water desalination imports from malaysia local catchment

Question 29

cost of desalinisation

Answer 29

$1.3 billion per year.