Water Flashcards

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1
Q

Define lag time

A

the period of time between peak rainfall and peak discharge

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2
Q

What % of global water do oceans store?

A

96.9%

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3
Q

What % of water is surface water (rivers and lakes)?

A

0.01%

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4
Q

name 4 SuDS

A

green roofs, permeable pavements, rainwater harvesting, wetlands. (source control / site control)

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5
Q

rivers flooding

A

fluvial

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6
Q

rain flooding

A

pluvial

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7
Q

ITCZ

A

June - cancer - wet
December - capricorn - wet
due to EARTHS TILT

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8
Q

El nino

A

east to south america, floods, low air pressure

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9
Q

La nina

A

west to australia, strong trade winds, floods

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10
Q

example of rainfall as a cause of flooding

A

november 2013 thunderstorms in sardinia

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11
Q

example of snowmelt as a cause of flooding

A

2009 floods in dakota

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12
Q

urbanisation causing flooding example

A

2015-16 winter floods in the uk 1.3bn in damges

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13
Q

environmental impacts of flooding

A

-soils polluted by chemicals
-eutrophication
-more groundwater and soil moisture

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14
Q

3 flood stats reported by the emergency events database

A

between 2000-2019:
44% of all disasters were floods
$652Bn in economic losses
90% of all flood deaths were in Asia

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15
Q

3 Causes of 2011 queensland floods

A
  • la nina year
  • too much water released from wivenhoe dam
  • houses in floodplain areas
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16
Q

3 Impacts of 2011 Queensland floods

A

90% of mangroves died
25,000 people isolated
$800 million lost

17
Q

2 causes of 2021 pakistan floods

A

monsoonal rainfal 508% above average
3x the amount of glacial lake outbursts

18
Q

2 impacts of 2021 pakistan floods

A

crops washed away
increased disease

19
Q

What are the 5 parameters of the water quality index? (RACUE)

A

resources
access
capacity
use
environment

20
Q

What % of people experience severe water scarcity for at least one month each year

A

66%

21
Q

What % of the worlds water is privatised

A

10%

22
Q

How much water will nestle extract from the arkansas valley?

A

650 million gallons of Arkansas Valley water over the next decade

23
Q

How many countries compete for the Nile’s water?

A

11

24
Q

What is the main nile conflict?

A

between ethiopia and sudan who control the source and egypt. especially due to ethiopian GRD.

25
Q

Why is chinas south-north water transfer project needed?

A

50% of population and 65% of farmland are in the north however 80% of water is in the south.

26
Q

how does the s-n wtp work?

A

25 billion m3 of fresh water delivered from the yangtze basin to the north

27
Q

advantages and disadvantages of south-north wtp

A

adressing water insecurity for 53 million people in the north.
however 300,000 people displaced for contruction and does not address underlying causes of water scarcity in the north.

28
Q

Singapores 4 taps

A

recycled grey water
desalination
imports from malaysia
local catchment

29
Q

cost of desalinisation

A

$1.3 billion per year.