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Geography > Regenerating places > Flashcards

Regenerating places Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the inequalities in pay across the UK.

A

Managers, directors and senior officials earn 129% more than the lowest income careers such as carers and other service occupations.

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2
Q

What is quality of life?

A

The level of social and economic well-being experienced by individuals or communities measured by various indicators.

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3
Q

What is the index of multiple deprivation?

A

the official measure of relative deprivation for small areas in England. it rates every area in England from 1 (most deprived) to 32,844 (least deprived)

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4
Q

What are the seven domains of deprivation?

A

Income, Employment, Barriers to housing, Education, Crime, Health and Living environment.

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5
Q

What is a successful place?

A

Successful places tend to be seen as more desirable places to live, with abundant economic and social opportunities. They also tend to be self sustaining as more people and investment are drawn to these opportunities.

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6
Q

Negative consequences of a successful place.

A

People migrate to the area which can lead to higher property prices, increased pollution, and skills shortages in other areas.

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7
Q

Why is Berkshire successful?

A

Accessible due to M4 motorway, close to Heathrow airport, high employment rates.

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8
Q

How many workers were recruited from outside the EU to Berkshire in 2011

A

Between 7-11 thousand.

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9
Q

What are unsuccessful places?

A

Places that have often experienced deindustrialisation, leading to unemployment which triggers a downward spiral of decline.

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10
Q

Why did Detroit deindustrialise?

A

Due to increasing competition from manufacturers abroad, and outsourcing/offshoring, which caused the American car factories to shut down.
2008 financial crisis may also have played a part

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11
Q

What impacts did this have on the city?

detroit

A

40% of people in poverty
south Detroit has the highest murder rates in the country.

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12
Q

How does Totnes support the local community?

A

Community open garden
Local currency
community meals
local drivers and car sharing.

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13
Q

Factors affecting levels of engagement in a community

A

Age - old people have more time to vote
length of residence- may feel more attached to the community and have stronger opinions.
gender - women taking care of children and taking them to events.
ethnicity - people from other areas not interested in local culture
income - poorer people less educated on the need to vote

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14
Q

What are the London riots in 2011 an example of?

A

Conflict that can occur when people have had a negative lived experience in an area.

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15
Q

What were the causes of the London riots?

A

Police arresting people without reason
racism
stop and search
government cutbacks and increased uni fees
urban deprivation

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16
Q

What were the impacts of the London riots?

A

4,000 people arrested
5,122 crimes reported
3,800 shops damaged
5 people died

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17
Q

Define regeneration

A

The upgrading of existing areas, often taking place to reduce deprivation.

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18
Q

What has the national government done in order to regenerate areas in the UK? (6)

A
  • Council housing policies
  • Permission for fracking
  • Encouraging international migration
  • Deregulation of capital markets
  • Infrastructure investment (airport)
  • High speed rail (HS2)
19
Q

When was the housing act under Margaret Thatcher and what did it do? (conservatives)

A

In 1980 the housing act gave 5 million council house tenants in England and Wales the right to buy their house from their local authority.

20
Q

One pro and one con of the housing act 1980

A

pro: reduced poverty as people could buy their own houses and so did not have to pay rent.
con: minorities or people who cannot afford to buy their house may be excluded.

21
Q

How does fracking help regeneration?

A

Creates more jobs for people in that area
New economic opportunities

22
Q

One pro and one con of fracking

A

pro: the UK could rely less on foreign oil (Russia)
con: destroys environment and contributes to climate change

23
Q

2 pros and 2 cons of migration for regeneration.

A

Pros: - job vacancies filled
- new innovation and ideas
Cons: - lack of housing
- displacement of jobs

24
Q

What is deregulation of capital markets?

A

removing laws and regulations for new businesses which increases competition in the market.

25
Q

How does deregulation help regeneration?

A

Increased competition lowers prices,
open market allows foreign companies to buy property,
allows for economic growth.

26
Q

How does airport development help regeneration? (Heathrow)

A

Will open doors in global trading, Increase tourism, more employment opportunities.

27
Q

Pros and Cons of Heathrow airport development

A

Pro - 100,000 new jobs created
Con - Pollution and climate crisis

28
Q

Advantages of HS2

A
  • Generates 22,000 construction jobs
  • Reduces people travelling by car and plane
  • Cut London to Birmingham travel time down to 49 mins.
29
Q

Disadvantages of HS2

A
  • Very expensive - £100bn+
  • Displacing people - 37 families made to leave their homes in Burton Green
  • Uses 50% more energy than the Eurostar
30
Q

What are local enterprise zones?

A

Designated areas across England that provide tax breaks and government support.

31
Q

How many LEZs are there in the UK?

A

45

32
Q

How do LEZs aim to regenerate areas?

A
  • business tax discounts of up to 100% for the first 5 years
  • Planning free environment encourages new builds
  • Providing superfast broadband
33
Q

How does newquay aerohub attract businesses?

A
  • location close to airport attracting aviation based businesses
  • planning freedom
  • daily flights to london
  • 12 new companies established in one year
34
Q

Disadvantages of newquay aerohub?

A
  • many new companies were just the result of government privatisation from other companies
  • not that much new investment
35
Q

What are science parks?

A

A science park is a place for technology companies and startups to work and pioneer new research.

36
Q

How do science parks help regeneration?

A

they attract new buisnesses and startups and increase their productivity.
they provide employment opportunities for local uni graduates

37
Q

Name 3 companies established at the cambridge science park.

A

Huawei, Dr. Reddys, Microsoft

38
Q

What was the role of the local governement in helping to develop cambridge science park?

A
  • Granted outline planning permisson in 1970
  • planning permission granted in 2018 for a new development
  • South cambridgeshire district council aquired a building in 2020 which allowed them to invest and become more closely linked with the area.
39
Q

Give two advantages and two disadvantages of cambridge science park.

A

A - More jobs available attract people to move to the surrounding area.
A - More income brought in and increase the quality of life in the area
D - Expansions of more buildings could damage environment
D - high energy usage is expensiveand could damage the environment.

40
Q

What is rebranding?

A

The way in which a place is redeveloped and marketed so that it gains a new identity to attract work, investment, residents and visitors.

41
Q

Give 3 rural rebranding strategies

A
  • On farm tourism such as fishing and horseriding
  • Specialist food products with local identity eg devon cream.
  • Rural heritage and tourism
42
Q

Why was there a need for regeneration in St. Blaise?

A

In 2001 only 5% of people had a degree
6% below national average for workers in proffesional occupations
abandoned quarry

43
Q

How was the regen successful?

A

400 jobs from eden project
Multiplier effect on local buisnesses
In 2021 33% had degrees compared to 5% in 2001

44
Q

St blaise changing functions

A

supplied 50% of worlds porcelain
hourly wages 2.50 below national average
90% of students going to higher education leave.

Geography (9 decks)

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