HHI Flashcards
Happy Planet Index
Measures how well nations are doing at achieving long happy sustainable lives. Score between zero - 100. Experienced well being x life expectancy/ecological footprint.
Sharia law
Believed converting from Islam should be punished by death, prioritizing religion, less gender equality. Examples include Sudan, Iran, Nigeria, Saudi and Afghanistan.
Bhutans philosophy of gross national happiness.
Carbon neutral, 62% forest cover at all times, currently at 72%. Preservation of culture, parliamentary democracy established.
Why is education important to development?
- Increases the value of human capital.
- better understanding of human rights, so people are more likely to assert their rights.
- Better understanding of how to take care of themselves and their family.
- Unskilled work can be dangerous.
Relationship between education and life expectancy.
In 2011 Italy had a 99% literacy rate with a life expectancy of 82.2 years. In contrast, Chad had a literacy rate of 35.4% and a life expectancy of 56.9.
Why does access to education vary globally?
Different countries view the importance of Education in different ways, education varies in cost, conflict and natural disasters,
How many girls are not in education globally?
130 million.
Hans Rosling
Holds the view that improvements in health and life expectancy are a significant goal for development.
Regional and ethnic variations in life expectancy in Australia.
In 2017 life expectancy at birth was 75.6 years for indigenous males and 80.2 years for non indigenous males.
Infant mortality rates were twice as high for indigenous people.
Variations in life expectancy in India.
80% of poor people in India live in rural areas. They have less access to important services, such as clean water.
The caste system in India.
Every year, over 24,000 lower class people are harmed or killed due to their social standing.
By the time they are 11, 70% of children have dropped out of school.
Differences in life expectancy within the uk.
The North South divide, the Glasgow effect. Poor people have unhealthy habits. Poor people tend to live in the same places.
Types of government and development.
The type of government can influence levels of social spending and development. Welfare states will have high levels of social spending and totalitarian regimes will have low levels of social spending. This will influence the levels of Education, Health and human rights.
IGOs view of development.
A neoliberal approach where economic development is based on free trade, privatization and deregulation of capital markets.
However, this may benefit businesses and TNCS more than ordinary people and create inequalities. Furthermore, rural areas may miss out on economic growth and development.
Which of the MDG’s were achieved by 2015?
1: halve the proportion of people in poverty.
2: all regions had achieved or were close to gender parity in primary education.
6: 3.3 million deaths from malaria were prevented.
Define human rights
Inalienable and fundamental rights, to which a person is inherently entitled simply because they are a human being.
UDHR.
The universal Declaration of human rights. was signed in 1948 by 48 nations.
not legally binding at an international level.
Countries have used it as a justification for military action.
basis for other human rights covenants
ECHR.
The European Convention on Human Rights. is a legally binding document.,
Many see it as erasure of national sovereignty.- our ability to rule how we see fit.
The Geneva conventions.
Former basis on international law for prosecuting individuals.
endorsed by 196 countries.
universally ratified.
Hard to avoid harming civilians.
141 countries still use torture.
Some states frequently invoke human rights in international forums, eg USA.
- Expressing concerns about the lack of rights in Cambodia.
- ensuring council could gather evidence about human rights in Yemen.
- sponsoring focus on violations in Syria.
Prioritizing economic development over human rights in Bangladesh.
Rana Plaza factory - 1,100 workers died when the factory collapsed in 2013.
In 2000 and 12 the textile industry accounted for 45% of employment.
Human rights variations within Australia.
The ATSI people. Aboriginal children removed from parents not. allowed to vote until 1967. less likely to have completed secondary education.. The closing the gap initiative: increased number of ATSI teachers aiming to halve the gap in child mortality
Women’s rights in Afghanistan.
Not allowed in education, passports, cannot leave the house without male chaperone, no women’s shelters so they go to prison for protection. Progress: 23% increase in girls in schools. plus 10 years life expectancy.
What are the different geopolitical interventions used in defence of human rights?
Military aid and action, diplomacy, development aid, economic sanctions.
