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A-level biology > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

1
Q

Water is involved in many metabolic reactions, what is this called

A

Water is a metabolite

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2
Q

Name two reactions water is involved in

A

Condensation
Hydrolysis

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3
Q

Describe condensation reactions

A

Smaller molecules join to form larger molecules

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4
Q

Name the features of condensation reactions

A
  • water is produced
  • creates bonds
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5
Q

Describe hydrolysis reactions

A

Large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules

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6
Q

Features of hydrolysis reactions

A
  • water is used
  • breaks bonds
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7
Q

Example of hydrolysis reaction

A

Digestion

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8
Q

Why is water used as a transport medium

A

Because it’s a solvent and a metabolite

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9
Q

What does water dissolve and why

A

Hydrophilic material because the molecules are compatible

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10
Q

Thermal properties of water

A
  • high specific heat capacity
  • large latent heat of vaporisation
  • thermostable
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11
Q

What does it mean that water had a high HC

A

Large amounts of energy is required to change its temperature by 1°C

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12
Q

What does water do to changes in temperature

A

Buffer them

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13
Q

What shape is water

A

V-shaped

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14
Q

How would you describe water

A

As a polar molecule

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15
Q

Why is water polar

A

Delta + charge and a delta - charge distributed unevenly

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16
Q

Why does water have a large SHC

A

Water molecules stick together with extensive hydrogen bonds, lots of energy needed to break these bonds

17
Q

How does water act as a buffer

A

Minimises temperature fluctuations in living things due to its high SHC

18
Q

What does it mean that water has a large latent heat of vaporisation

A

Large amounts of energy needed to change the state of water from liquid to gas

19
Q

How does thermostability change in water

A

The greater the volume of water the greater the stability

20
Q

How does water provide a cooling effect

A

Water particles are hydrogen bonded with extensive hydrogen bonds so it requires lots of energy to break these bonds and change state- evaporate (greater amount of energy lost, the greater the cooling effect)

21
Q

Define hydrophilic

A

Substances attracted to water (polar/ionic substances)

22
Q

What substances dissolve in water

A

Hydrophilic substances

23
Q

Define hydrophobic

A

Substances that repel water (non polar)

24
Q

Give an example of a hydrophobic substance

A

Lipids

25
Q

Why is water needed to break down large molecules in digestion

A

Large particles are too big to move by transport and insoluble

26
Q

Define digestion

A

Breakdown by hydrolysis of large, insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

27
Q

What does it mean that water molecules are cohesive

A

They ‘stick’ together via hydrogen bonding

28
Q

Where are hydrogen bonds found

A

Between water molecules

29
Q

In what tube does cohesion allow the transport of water

A

Xylem

30
Q

What is tension created by

A

Cohesive water particles and hydrogen bonding

31
Q

How do pond skaters float

A

They have legs made out of hydrophobic material, repelling water allowing them to stay afloat due to surface tension

32
Q

describe the features of ice

A
  • molecules have four hydrogen bonds
  • less dense than water
  • thermally insulates
  • provides a habitat on surface
33
Q

how is surface tension created in water

A

water is cohesive and hydrogen bonds to other water molecules

34
Q

what organism does surface tension provide habitats for

A

pond skaters

35
Q

how is water a solvent

A

water is polar so dissolves charged molecules and any other polar molecules

36
Q

how is water useful for photosynthesis in plants

A
  • used in photosynthesis to create sugars
  • transparent to allow aquatic plants to photosynthesise

A-level biology (30 decks)

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