ATP Flashcards
1
Q
What makes up ATP
A
-adenine base, ribose sugar and three phosphate groups
2
Q
How is ATP formed
A
- aerobic respiration
- ATP synthase catalyses reaction between ADP and inorganic phosphate
3
Q
Biological uses of ATP
A
- active transport
- muscle contraction
- activating chemistry through phosphorylation
- synthesis of polymers
4
Q
What is the basic role of ATP
A
- immediate source of energy
- small, manageable quantities of energy are released through ATP hydrolysis
- hydrolysis rapid as is a one-step reaction
- cannot be stored, constantly being regenerated (ATP cycle)
- more active cells = faster ATP cycle
5
Q
Hydrolysis of ATP
A
- ATP hydrolase
- ATP + H2O —> ADP + Pi
6
Q
Why is ATP a ‘universal currency’
A
- uses by all cells in all living organisms
- drives process that require an input of energy (endergonic)
- all organisms must convert their source of energy into ATP
7
Q
Describe how ATP has a low activation energy
A
- little amount of energy required to hydrolyse ATPs third ester bond
- lots of energy released (endergonic reaction)
8
Q
3 ways in which ATP is synthesised
A
- photophosphorylation (LDR)
- oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic respiration)
- substance level phosphorylation (enzyme action)
9
Q
5 uses of ATP in cells
A
- synthesis of complex molecules (e.g protein synthesis)
- active transport
- muscle contraction
- maintaining body temperature (ATPase releasing heat energy through ATP hydrolysis)
- activating biochemistry through phosphorylation (glycolysis)
