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PE Exam Civil Water Resources > Wastewater > Flashcards

Wastewater Flashcards

1
Q

Why is mechanical ventilation required in a lift station?

A

Waste water can create toxic gas, the ventilation protects workers

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2
Q

inflow that rapidly increases shortly after teh start of a storm and decreases quickly after the conlcusion of the storm is called

A

Direct inflow -

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3
Q

what are the characteristics of Delayed inflow?

A

Decreasing gradually after the conclusion of a storm and after the peak inflow

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4
Q

Describe peak inflow

A

ITs the largest rate difference in an hour between the storm event flow and the dry weather flow

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5
Q

What is estimated inflow?

A

the calculated approximation of the inflow

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6
Q

What type of settling behavior is the non-interactive settling of particles from a dilute suspension that typically occurs during grit and sand removal?

A

Discrete settling

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7
Q

What does TKN stand for and what are the components of it?

A

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen,

Organic nitrogen and Inorganic ammonia and ammonium

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8
Q

Describe Biogas

A

It is the product of anaerobic digestion

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9
Q

What is biogas composed of?

A

Methane
Hydrogen Sulfide
Carbon Dioxide
trace amounts of Nitrogen, oxygen and volatile hydrocarbons

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10
Q

What are the four stages of anaerobic digestion

A

Hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis

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11
Q

3 things to consider when designing a system for disinfecting a waste water treatment

A

The quality of the inflow water that is disinfected
the potential byproducts of disinfection
The effectiveness of the disinfection process for eliminating pathogens

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12
Q

what is the chemical formula for Ozone?

A

O3

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13
Q

how is oxygen formed into Ozone for treatment?

A

Oxygen is passed through a high voltage potential to form O3

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14
Q

Clear water in a sewer collection system is likely causes by what?

A

infiltration from a high-water table

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15
Q

What is Dry weather flow?

A

is the flow of wastewater in a sanitary sewer system when there are periods of dry weather that have minimum inflow and infiltration

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16
Q

When does Aeration take place?

A

in secondary treatement

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17
Q

What do Grit removal, shredding and screening all have in common

A

They are all part of the preliminary treatement of wastewater

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18
Q

Name three things that affect the efficiency of a primary sedimentation

A

The shape of the tank
The type of waste water entering
the tank capacity

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19
Q

name three advantages of the trickling filter

A

cheap method of oxygen delivery
Construction costs are low
the system can be made non-electric

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20
Q

Why does temperate matter for a trickling filter?

A

the media is exposed to the elements, extreme hot and cold weather can make the treatment less effective

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21
Q

what causes nitrification happen? and name three things that affect the rate of nitrification

A

it occurs because of microbes, which are sensative to temperature and the oxygen levels ( too low it will be seriously affected) lastly pH - which needs to be 8-9

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22
Q

Define Eutrophication

A

the process of enriching an ecosystem with natural or chemical nutrients that results in the dense growth of algae and other organisms

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23
Q

What chemical/ nutrient goes hand and hand with Eutrophication

A

Phosphates

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24
Q

What are the most common chemicals that remove phosphorus?

A

Metal salts
Aluminum Sulfate
Ferrous sulfate
Ferrous chloride

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25
Q

Name 3 treatment technologies to remove phosphorus and briefly describe each

A

Physical - Some phosphorus can be removed from the physical filtration of particulate matter or by using different types of membranes

Chemical - different types of metal salts can be added to the influent to precipitate phosphorus

Biological - this occurs when biological systems consume phosphorus

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26
Q

Which type of sludge is most commonly thickened by a centrifugal thickener, and why?

A

Secondary Sludge,
secondary sludge has a lack of bulkly, stringy materials that can potentially cause clogging unlike Primary Sludge

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27
Q

Does incineration of disposed sludge kill pathogens?

A

yes

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28
Q

what is a drawback to sludge incineration?

A

the cost of heating up sludge is high because sludge typically has a high heat capacity

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29
Q

Name 4 components required for composting

A

Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and water

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30
Q

What component of composting is used by microbes for energy?

A

Carbon

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31
Q

What component of composting critical in the decomposition process to oxidize another component of the compost

A

Oxygen oxidizes carbon in this process

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32
Q

What component of composting helps the organisms multiply

A

Nitrogen

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33
Q

What component of composting helps the system form going anaerobic?

A

Water

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34
Q

what impact does Nitrogen have on drying bed performance?

A

NONE

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35
Q

Name 3 things that impact drying bed performance?

A

Climate/humidity
quality of the sludge
and depth of the sludge layers

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36
Q

Name 3 disadvantages of thermophilic aerobic digestion

A

high initial cost
Complex process to operate
Large free board requirement

37
Q

describe thermophilic aerobic digestion

A

finsih this

38
Q

what is the most common form of waste water disinfection in America and what is the main disadvantage

A

Chlorination, the byproducts can produce harmful carcinogenic compounds

39
Q

how does effluent polishing affect filter management?

A

filters must be backwashed frequently, this is because you must ensure that suspended solids present do not cause the bed to develop anaerobic or septic conditions

40
Q

is Aeration a type of disinfection?

A

No, it is used to remove dissolved gases like Carbon dioxide and oxidize dissolved metals

41
Q

Is Nitrification an anaerobic process?

A

NO, it is an aerobic process

42
Q

Describe Nitrification

A

The process of nitrification is the compound biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite, then nitrite to nitrate. This process is lead by tiny groups of archaea and autotrophic bacteria (A biological process by which nitrate is converted to nitrogen gas)

43
Q

Name two mechanisms used to remove fat and grease, and how it works

A

Skimmers and Air Blowers, Fat and grease are hydrophobic they float on the surface of clarifiers

44
Q

Why cant grease collected from grit removers or settling tanks be re-used as industrial and commercial lubricants?

A

the possibility that it has been exposed to many pathogens, and making it potentially toxic is very high

45
Q

is Ammonia an oxidized form of Nitrogen?

A

No

46
Q

name three oxidized forms of nitrogen?

A

Nitrogen gas, Nitrate, Ammonium nitrate

47
Q

Name 3 major sources of phosphorus in influent wastewater

A

Industrial waste, Detergents and cleaners

48
Q

Describe a lagoon

A

Lagoons hold sludge and work via evaporation, there have no underdrain so it takes a long time to dry.

49
Q

Why is thickened sludge the optimum feed to a digester?

A

It has a low amount of of heat required
It decreases the return hydraulic load
It decreases the potential impact of alkalinity changes

50
Q

Does Biological nutrient removal, remove chlorine?

A

NO, chlorine serves to kill microorganisms

51
Q

what type of filtration is needed to filter out Sugar and nitrogen?

A

Nanofiltration

52
Q

the intensity of odors are affected by?

A

pH and temperature

53
Q

For the sedimentation basins, Why are design overflow rates restricted?

A

To prevent up flow density current that would transport the solids over the weirs and out of the basin

54
Q

What is the difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic digestion

A
55
Q

what is Biogas and how is it produced in Wastewater

A
56
Q

What is Coliform bacteria

A
57
Q

What does Coliform bacteria usually indicate?

A
58
Q

Name the 4 types of settling and what order they are (Region)

A
59
Q

Define Compressive settling

A
60
Q

What is Delayed inflow in wastewater system

A
61
Q

What is direct inflow in wastewater system

A
62
Q

What is Dissolved air flotation and how does it work?

A
63
Q

what is Total kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)method

A
64
Q

what is a Diurnal cycle

A
65
Q

what is anaerobic bacteria

A
66
Q

what is Escherichia Coliform

A
67
Q

what is a neutal pH

A

7.1

68
Q

the higher the pH the more_____ ?

A

Alkaline, alkalinity

69
Q

The lower the pH the more_____?

A

Acidic, acidity

70
Q

What is a Polyelectrolytes

A

Synthetic chemicals used as a coagulant aid.

71
Q

what is the proper pH range for digested sludge?

A

6.8-7.2

72
Q

what is an Aerobe? and who is its counterpoint?

A
73
Q

define Aliquot

A

Portion of a sample. Often an equally divided portion of a sample.

74
Q

defione Anoxic

A

Oxygen deficient or lacking sufficient oxygen

75
Q

what is the difference between, alkaline, acid, and base

A
76
Q

what is sludge Bulking?

A

Clouds of billowing sludge that occur throughout secondary clarifiers and sludge
thickeners when the sludge does not settle properly. In the activated sludge process bulking is
usually caused by filamentous bacteria or bound water.

77
Q

what is a Comminutor

A

A device used to reduce the size of the solid chunks in wastewater by shredding
(comminuting). The shredding action is like many scissors cutting or chopping to shreds all the large influent solids material in the wastewater.

78
Q

What is Detritus and whats another name for it?

A

The heavy, coarse mixture of grit and organic material carried by wastewater. (also
called grit)

79
Q

What is Elutriation

A

The washing of digested sludge with fresh water, plant effluent or other wastewater.
The goal is to remove fine particles and/or the alkalinity in the sludge. This process reduces the
demand for conditioning chemicals and improves settling or filtering characteristics of the sludge.

80
Q

What are Filamentous organism and what do they cause in waste water treatmenet?

A

Organisms that grow in a thread or filamentous form. Common types
are Thiothrix and Actinomycetes.

A common cause of sludge bulking in the activated sludge process.

81
Q

what causes a septic condition, and what happens if it is severe?

A

A condition produced by anaerobic bacteria.

If severe, the wastewater produces hydrogensulfide, turns black, gives off foul odors, contains little or no dissolved oxygen, and creates a high
oxygen demand.

82
Q

what is a Supernatant?

A

Liquid removed from settling sludge. Supernatant commonly refers to the liquid between the sludge on the bottom and the scum on the surface of an anaerobic digester.

The liquid is usually returned to the influent wet well or to the primary clarifier.

83
Q

what is a Zoogleal Mass?

A

Jelly like masses of bacteria found in both the trickling filter and activated sludge
processes - (similar to biomass)

84
Q

what is a helminths?

A

“high order” animals, their eggs present in sewage can cause illness

example: Fluke(trematoades), tape worm(cestodes), round worm (nematoads)

85
Q

What is an Imhoff Cone

A
86
Q

What is advection

A
87
Q

What is disperson

A
88
Q

What is conversion in WW, changing of Concentration refering to

A
89
Q

three types of lake circulations and exmaple

A
  1. Holomictic Lakes - complete ciruclation over the whole water column
  2. Meromictic LAkes - Circulation does not occur at the whole water column
  3. Amictic Lakes - no circulation

PE Exam Civil Water Resources (13 decks)

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