Hydrology

Question 1

Streamflow is made up of?

Answer 1

direct runoff and base flow,

this is also total runoff or total discharge on a hydrograph

Question 2

In hydrograph analysis how is the time at which direct runoff slows down commonly defined?

Answer 2

The inflection point of the falling limb or the recession limb of the hydrograph is commonly assumed to be the point or time at which direct runoff slows down to a trickle

Question 3

A recording gauge records rainfall reaching the surface as a function of?

Answer 3

Time

Question 4

difference between nonrecording and recording gauge

Answer 4

nonrecording gauge - measures the cumulative amount of rainfall for an entire storm
recording 0 automatically records the amount of rainfall as a function of time during a storm

Question 5

The correct definition of a unit hydrograph is a hydrograph from one unit of?

Answer 5

of excess rainfall, meaning the rainfall in excess of losses, (detention, evapotranspiration or infiltration)

Question 6

what is Time of concentration? (Tc)

Answer 6

the time is takes for surface runoff to travel from the hydraulically most distant point in the watershed to the outlet

Question 7

what is Baseflow?

Answer 7

the component of stream discharge that comes from ground water flow

Question 8

what is direct runoff?

Answer 8

storm-induced flow from surface runoff that reaches a design point sometime after it falls as rain

Question 9

what are the three fundamental, independent properties of a rainfall event?

Answer 9

intensity duration, and frequency

Question 10

what is the difference in Detention ponds vs Retention ponds

Answer 10

Detention is mainly for “short term” storage
Retention ponds are used for permanent water storage

Question 11

what is run off that travels across a field called?

Answer 11

Sheet Flow

Question 12

What is runoff that travels along the toe of a slope called?

Answer 12

Shallow concentrated flow