Wasted copy A2 Neurologic Disorders: Brain COPY Flashcards
When does head control develop
4 months
When do babies babble
6 - 10 months
When do babies sit
7 - 8 months
When does a baby stand, creep on all fours, have a pincer grasp, and finger feeds
10 months
When does a baby talk
12 months
When does a baby walk with help
12 months
When does a baby walk alone with a wide base
14 months
When does a child run, do stairs, and demonstrate hand dominance
2 years
When can a child ride a trike, be toilet trained, speak a 3 work sentence, and draw a circle
3 years
When can a child hop, use a pencil, use scissors, and dresses
4 years
When can a child skip, speak fluently, and tie shoes
5 years
When can a child use roller skates and recite the alphabet
6 years
CP Prevalence
1 - 5/1,000 births worldwide
2/1,000 Europe
3/1,000 US
What is the trend in Prevalence of CP
Decreasing in Preterm
Stable in term
Combined stable
4 Perinatal risk factors for CP
Prematurity
Breech
Birth complications (placental detachment, cord, uterine rupture)
Birth asphyxia (<10%)
3 Postnatal risk factors for CP
Trauma
Infection
Coagulopathies (sickle cell, clotting deficiencies, etc.)
Which is true regarding CP
- Prenatal factors major
- Labor causes high %
- Premature no longer a problem
- Most CP children premature
- Prenatal is major contributor
- Labor <10%
- Premature strongest risk factor
- Most children with CP are born at or near term
Neuroimaging in CP
- 90% abnormal
- Most commonly prenatal
- Destructive 90% (normal brain insulted with PVL or deep grey matter injury)
- Brain Mal-development 10%
- Normal Neuroimaging 10%
Classification: Motor CP
Spastic: 80%
Dyskinetic: 10% (Athetosis, Chorea, Dystonia)
Ataxic/hypotonic: 10%
What Cobb angle is cut-off for scoliosis fusion
> 40 to 50 degrees
Risk factors for hip migration in CP
Malalignment (valgus neck shaft angle) Femoral anteversion Decreased weight-bearing Spasticity Weakness of hip abductors and extensors
Which of the following contributes to hip subluxation in CP:
- Congenital hip dysplasia
- Overactive gluteus medius and minimus
- Weakness of adductors
- Femoral anteversion and coxa valgus
- Femoral anteversion
Risk factors for poor bone health in CP
- nutrition and absorption
- decreased exposure to sun
- non-ambulatory
- anti-seizure meds
What is the z-score in DXA scans for Osteoporosis in children
z-score <2.0