Was Mary Queen of Scots a major threat? Northern Rebellion, Ridolfi Plot, Throckmorton and Babington Flashcards
When did Mary arrive in England
1568
When was the period of stability?
1558-1568
What are old vestments?
elaborate dresses for clergy
How did the religious changes impact the Catholics between 1559-1563?
-caused upset->there was a lot of changes towards Protestantism
What were the 39 Articles and when was it?
-1563
-a statement of faith for the new Church which saw the church move in a Calvinist direction and presented a united Protestant Church
When was the Northern Rebellion?
1569
What was the Northern Rebellion triggered by?
-Mary’s arrival in England
What was the Northern Rebellions aims?
-Court conspiracy to marry Mary Q of S to Norfolk to have proclaimed as heir and overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism
What domestic threats were there from the Northern Rebellion?
-supported by Dudley and Throckmorton (nobility)
-Northern Earls Northumberland and Westmorland prepared to march South to restore Catholicism after Norfolk fled court
-Haigh called a ‘major threat’ and raised an army of over 5,000 men
What foreign threat was there from the Northern Rebellion?
-Spanish help was promised but it did not materialise
What evidence was there that there wasn’t a domestic threat from the Northern Rebellion?
-Dudley confessed->defeated by government forces
What evidence was there that there wasn’t a foreign threat from the Northern Rebellion?
-Spanish help did not materialise
What evidence is there that the Northern Rebellion was dealt with successfully?
-Elizabeth sent troops to Scotland to subdue Mary’s supporters
-450 rebels were executed and Norfolk was imprisoned
What evidence is there that the Northern Rebellion was dealt with unsuccessfully?
-conflict with Privy Council->Elizabeth didn’t follow their unanimous demand for Norfolk’s execution
-Elizabeth’s urges to the Scots to reinstate Mary to nominate sovereignty faced obstacles
Who was involved in the Northern Rebellion?
-Dudley and Throckmorton (nobility)
-Northumberland and Westmorland (Northern Earls)
-Norfolk
What did the rebels manage to achieve in the Northern Rebellion?
-mass was briefly restored
When was the Ridolfi Plot?
1571
What was the aim of the Ridolfi Plot?
-to replace Elizabeth with Mary and she would marry Norfolk
What were the domestic threats of the Ridolfi Plot?
-involved other English noblemen
-followed excommunication in 1570 which absolved her subjects from obedience to her
What was the foreign threat of the Ridolfi Plot?
-involved Mary and Philip II
Who was the Ridolfi Plot uncovered by?
Cecil
What evidence is there that the Ridolfi Plot was dealt with successfully?
-Elizabeth agreed to Norfolk’s execution
What evidence is there that the Ridolfi Plot was dealt with unsuccessfully?
-caused conflict with Privy Country and Parliament->Privy Council persuaded Elizabeth to call Parliament
-on the pretext of raising money but really to secure the execution of Mary Q of S and Norfolk
-Elizabeth refused to sign death warrant for Mary Q of S
When was the Throckmorton Plot?
1583
What was the aim of the Throckmorton Plot?
-to invade England
-free Mary Q of S
-kill Elizabeth
What was the foreign threat of the Throckmorton Plot?
-French Catholic forces with Spanish and papal money->included Jesuit priests too
Were there any domestic threats from the Throckmorton Plot?
none
What happened to Throckmorton?
-tortured and executed
What evidence is there that the Throckmorton Plot was dealt with successfully?
-Throckmorton was tortured and executed
-Bond of Association established so that in the event of Elizabeth’s assassination those responsible would not benefit
When was the Babington Plot?
1586
What was the aim of the Babington Plot?
-for the murder of Elizabeth->a letter allegedly dictated by Mary endorsing this plot
What was the domestic threat of the Babington Plot?
-they wanted to kill the Queen
What evidence is there that it didn’t pose a serious domestic/foreign threat?
(Babington)
-it was uncovered by Walsingham
What evidence is there that the Babington Plot was dealt with successfully?
-execution did away with the immediate threat posed by Mary->she was no longer a rival Catholic claimant and focal point for dissent
-Walsingham’s spies intercepted a letter
What evidence is there that the Babington Plot was dealt with unsuccessfully?
-caused conflict with Privy Council again->they persuaded Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and then dispatched death warrant without permission->Cecil was banished and Davison was sent to the Tower
What happened to Mary as a result of the Babington Plot?
-she was executed
Wo was Norfolk? What was his relation to Elizabeth?
-he was her cousin
Who discovered all of the plots?
Francis Walsingham
Who was Francis Walsingham known as?
the spy master
