How serious was the Catholic threat after 1568? Flashcards
What were Catholic threats to religious settlement 1559-1588?
-House of Lords rejected the religious settlement in 1559
-1569 Northern Rebellion
-Throckmorton Plot 1558->Bond of Association->means that MQS could be executed
-1570->Elizabeth was excommunicated by the Pope
-Ridolfi Plot 1571
-Babington Plot 1586->wanted to murder Elizabeth
-St Bartholomews (France) massacre of Protestants 1572 which led to a civil war in France
-Elizabeth was the last Protestant monarch at the time->William of Orange was assassinated 1584
-Spain and France is very Catholic
-Auld Alliance->France and Scotland
When was the Spanish Armada?
1588
Who were the different Catholic threats and were they internal or external threats?
-Church Papists (internal)
-Recusants (internal)
-Seminary Priests (external)
-Jesuits (external)
What were Church Papists views?
-loyal to Elizabeth but they dislike the changes she was making->they conform but they don’t agree->believed in Mass (Transubstantiation)
What were Recusants?
-people who refuse to go to church->fined of a shilling
What were Seminary Priests?
-devout Catholics coming from Europe into England->missionaries->first arrived in 1574
What were Jesuits?
-arrive in the 1580s
-Oath of Allegiance to the Pope
-missionaries
-Europe
What does Papist mean?
-someone who follows the Pope
What were Recusants?
-someone who refuses to go to church
What is Mass?
-Holy Communion/ Transubstantiation
What was the government’s reaction to the Catholic threats: Northern Rebellion and the excommunication of Elizabeth from the Pope?
-1571->Parliament passed 3 Acts stating that it was treason both to declare that Elizabeth was not queen and to publish Papal Bulls in England.
-all those who had fled aboard were given twelve months to return or forfeit their property
What was the seriousness of the threats: Northern Rebellion and the excommunication of Elizabeth from the Pope and the governments reaction?
-English Catholics now had to choose between Elizabeth and the Pope
-there was the possibility of a foreign invasion due to the Pope calling on foreign powers to overthrow Elizabeth
-the failure of the Northern rebellion suggests a lack of enthusiasm for this from English Catholics
When did the first Seminary priests arrive in England? What was a result of this?
-1574
-a Seminary priest was executed in 1577
How serious of a threat were the Ridolfi Plot 1571, Protestants being massacred in France 1572 and the first Seminary priests arriving in England 1574?
-very serious threat due to the massacre and threat to Catholics due to this-> threats from Europe
-Seminary priests came to try and ‘turn England Catholic again’
What did Parliament pass in 1581?
1581->Parliament passes 2 severe Acts against Catholics increasing fines for not attending church to £20, and higher fines for hearing/saying mass
-attempting to convert people to the Catholic faith is now treasonable
What happened to 3 Seminary priests in 1581 as a result of Catholic threat?
executed
How serious were the Catholic threats: Rebellion in Munster (1578), Jesuit Priests (1580)and increasing fines (1581)?
-Jesuit priests were more of a threat to Elizabeth due to being more extreme missionaries->made treasonable to attempt to remove the threat
-the rebellion shows how people weren’t accepting the changes
-fines being increased for not attending church shows how people were refusing to do so and not conforming
Who was William Prince of Orange and what happened to him in 1584?
-leader of the Protestants in the Netherlands
-assassinated by a Catholic extremist
What was the act against Jesuits and Seminary priests in 1585? (explain)
-1585->Act against Jesuits and Seminary priests->any priest ordained by the Pope’s authority is now guilty of treason->all priests ordered to leave on pain of death
How serious were the Catholic threats: Throckmorton Plot (1583) and William of Orange being assassinated (1584)?
-William of Orange being assassinated meant that Elizabeth was the only remaining Protest monarch-> serious threat
-Throckmorton Plot was a threat to Elizabeth
What would happen if Recusants fell behind on their payments in 1587?
-can now have 2/3 of their land seized
How serious were the Catholic threats: England pledges its support to the Protestants in the Netherlands (against Spain) (1585) and the Babington Plot (1586)?
-government actions increase
-Babington Plot threatened to kill the Queen
-stricter against Recusants
When was Mary Queen of Scots executed?
1587
When was the Spanish Armada?
1588
What happened to 31 priests in 1588?
executed
How serious were the Catholic threats: the Spanish Armada 1588 and executions?
-threats were becoming greater so there were more executions
-Spanish Armada->serious threat to England
What was the House of Commons pass a law about gatherings in 1593?
1593->HOC passes laws making large gatherings of Catholics illegal, and confining Catholics to a radius of 5 miles from their homes
How does the law passed by the House of Commons in 1593 show there was serious Catholic threats?
-gatherings of Catholics became illegal so they had become a threat->threat of plots/rebellions possibly
What proclamation was ordered in 1602?
-a royal proclamation orders all Jesuits to leave the county
How does the proclamation in 1602 for all Jesuits to leave England show there was a serious Catholic threat?
-Jesuits became more of a threat so the government focused on them leaving the country
