Archbishops Flashcards
What help did Elizabeth have from her Archbishops of Canterbury in enforcing her Settlement?
-she had the services of 3 archbishops over her 44 year reign
-they could be categorised in turn as helpful, less helpful and very helpful
How long was Matthew Parker in power?
1559-1575
What was Matthew Parker’s background?
-he had been Chaplain to Anne Boleyn
-stayed in England during Mary I’s reign so he was untainted with Genevan ideas
-ordained in 1527 when the mass was the central service of the Church->his career had been in the University of Cambridge most notably as Master of Corpus Christi and Vice-Chancellor in the university
-he was prepared to undertake the task of leading the new Church with some firmness despite the fact he was a man of tact and reasonableness
-all these factors made him ideal to Elizabeth
What work did Matthew Parker carry out for Elizabeth?
-the passage of the Thirty - Nine Articles, resisting calls for them to be more Protestant
-reaching a compromise over vestments and issuing his Advertisements, which told the clergy to accept some uniformity. His compromise initially disappointed Elizabeth, but it also helped to maintain her popularity
-he provided the settlement with a firm basis
What was the success of Matthew Parker’s work?
-he had done his best to establish the Elizabethan Church on firm foundations despite the difficulties he faced
-largely successful with vestments
What were any limitations Matthew Parker faced?
-he was married and had written a defence of clerical marriage
-he was reluctant to leave Cambridge for the rigours of royal service but Elizabeth insisted
When was Edmund Grindal in power?
1575-1583
What was Edmund Grindal’s background?
-came from Cumberland and was educated at Cambridge
-served as a chaplain to Nicholas Ridley (one of the bishops burned at the state during Mary I’s reign)
-went into exile during Mary’s reign and worked with John Foxe’s Book of Martyrs
-with refusal of Mary’s bishops to serve under Elizabeth she had little option but to appoint men who were former exiles and he became Bishop of London and later Archbishop of York
What was the success of Edmund Grindal’s work?
-his role in helping Elizabeth was minimal and the situation brought discredit to the Elizabethan Church
What limitations did Emund Grindal face?
-difficulties began over the issue of prophesyings->he was punished->confined to his house and suspended from his duties for 6 months
-at the end of the period he was uncooperative so the suspension continued-> even talk of deposing him
-died before he retired
When was John Whitgift in power?
1575-1604
What was John Whitgift’s background?
-born in Lincolnshire into a prosperous merchant family and was educated in Cambridge
-had stayed in England during Mary I’s reign
-he was a distinguished academic appointed first as Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity at Cambridge and then as Regius Professor and becoming Master of Trinity
What was John Whitgift’s background to do with Thomas Cartwright?
-in 1570 he had risen to be Vice-Chancellor->in this role her took action against Thomas Cartwright who had become Lady Margaret Professor in 1569 and gave a series of lectures where he argued that bishops should have a purely spiritual function->clear attack on the Elizabethan Church and alarmed the queen, archbishops and the University->Whitgift made sure that Cartwright was removed from his professorship
What was John Whitgift’s background to do with his title as Bishop of Worcester?
-in 1572 he was in charge of writing a reply to the Admonition to the parliament and he made his opinion of Puritans clear (they are in the wrong)->made the Bishop of Worcester maybe as a reward
What work did Edmund Whitgift carry out for Elizabeth?
-he used the new Court of High Commission to ensure uniformity
-he introduced the Three Articles
-he used the ex - officio oath so those questioned had to swear to answer the questions truthfully before they knew the questions
-he and Bancroft, the Bishop of London, clamped down on those responsible for the Marprelate Tracts
