Warm/Cold Blooded?

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

chemical process that provides energy to the cells of an organism

either cold blooded or warm blooded

Question 2

ectotherms

Answer 2

cold blooded vertebrates

receive most/all of body heat from external sources

slower metabolism

Question 3

advantages of ectotherms

Answer 3

eats less

can endure wider temperature range bc their bodies do not need to be in a constant state of homeostasis

Question 4

endotherms

Answer 4

warm blooded vertebrates

generates most/all body heat internally

faster metabolisms

Question 5

advantage of endotherms

Answer 5

maintains constant core temperature for optimum enzyme activity

Question 6

John Ostrom

Answer 6

suggested that dino metabolism may be more mammal like than reptilian

Question 7

Robert T. Bakker

Answer 7

pushed Ostrom’s idea, starting the dino renaissance

Question 8

Support for endothermy (5)

Answer 8

posture

sustained speed, activity, agility,

feeding adaptations

bone microstructure

bird ancestry

Question 9

POSTURE

Answer 9

all living endotherms have upright posture (with aquatic animals as exceptions)

all living ectotherms have sprawling posture

Question 10

SUSTAINED SPEED, ACTIVITY, AGILITY

Answer 10

living ectotherms are more sluggish
high levels of activity? probs an endotherm

eg theropod trackways

agility and high levels of activity evident from skeletal structures, brain size & complexity

Question 11

skeletons of agile fast runing birds and mammals

Answer 11

elogate, slenger limbs/joints

hollow bones

rigid tail

clawed pedal digits (balance)

Question 12

brains of faster animals

Answer 12

larger brains for greater motor and sensory control

however, endocasts how that dinos have reptilian levels of brain complexity

lacks large cerebral hemisphere. location of blood vessels and nerves different

Question 13

FEEDING ADAPTATIONS

Answer 13

endotherms eat more food to maintain constant high body temp and fast metabolism

eat more, process more

ornithopods have dental battery; faster consumption and processing of plant material

Question 14

BONE MICROSTRUCTURE

Answer 14

compact bone (external layer of bone)

in ectotherms > have few channels for blood vessels

in endotherms > full of large numbers of blood vessels (rapid exchange of elements stored in bone)

Question 15

BIRD ANCESTRY

Answer 15

living birds are endotherms

archaeopteryx had powered flight, insulating feathers; suggests endothermy

feathers arise in coelurosaurs, suggests endothermy in some theropods at least

Question 16

gigantotherms

Answer 16

animal that maintains near constant body tempt due to massive size

eg leatherback turtle

probs sauropods and large ornithiscians too