Warfare Revision Flashcards
What type of soldiers made up the medieval armies?
Infantry
Cavalry
Archers
Was social structure linked to army command?
Yes
How many soldiers were in medieval armies on average?
10,000
What was the name of the social structure by which England was organised in the medieval period?
Feudal system
What type of soldier was in decline at the end of the medieval period? Why?
Cavalry.
Schiltrons, Increased longbow use and plate armour.
How many arrows could be fired per minute from a longbow?
12 on average
Why was there an increased use of longbows?
They could reload fast, had a long range and were very accurate
What was the range of the longbow?
350 metres
What is the name of the tight formations of infantry gathered in a circle or square with pikes facing outward?
Shiltron
An advantage of using gunpowder?
It was very good for siege warfare and attacking unmoving targets
What was one disadvantage of gunpowder in the Middle Ages?
It was unreliable and could not be moved easily
Was there a permanent standing army in the Middle Ages?
No
A feudal summons was a way of recruiting knights for how many days?
40
By the end of the 14th century how many knights followed the feudal summons?
1/6
To avoid fighting it was possible for the knights to pay a tax - Middle Ages. What was this called?
Scutage
What was the name given to the contract between the king and his individual knights as a guarantee of military service?
Indenture
What was an advantage of the increased use of indentures?
More knights turned up and there was a guaranteed army size.
What was the Statute of Winchester?
It extended the Assize of Arms so all fit men between 16 and 60 were equipped for 40 days service.
Archery targets were also set up in every town
What year was the Statute of Winchester set up?
1285
How much did foot soldiers receive? How about archers? - Middle Ages
2d vs 6d
Which king and which year was the longbow law?
1363 by king Edward 111
What two ways did civilians in the Middle Ages suffer as a result of warfare?
Purveyance, plunder, raids, sieges
What was the Grand Chevauchee?
In 1355 the Black Prince destroyed 500 villages - the worst civilian experience in Middle Ages
What year was the battle of Naseby?
1645
What was the name of the new professional army used at the battle of Naseby by the Parliamentarians at Naseby?
New model army
Who were the leaders of the Parliamentarian army at Naseby?
Oliver Cromwell
Who had more troops Parliamentarians or Royalists - Naseby?
The Parliamentarians because they were paid and there was a chance of promotion.
Who took the high position - Naseby?
Parliamentarians
Who was the leader of the Royalist army at Naseby?
Prince Rupert
What major mistakes did the royalist army make?
The cavalry looted the baggage train
What was the name of Cromwell’s amazing cavalry troops?
Ironsides
By hoe much did the average army size increase from 1700 to 1900
It increased by 7x
By 1850, what percentage of the army were infantry, cavalry and artillery?
80% infantry
10% cavalry
10% artillery
What does BRASS stand for?
Breech loaded
Rifling
Ammunition
Smokeless powder
Steel casting
What were percussion bullets?
They kept the gunpowder dry
How did the artillery change in the industrial period?
It became more reliable
What impact did steam railways and ships have on industrial warfare?
Supplies and troops were faster. Impacted the spread of news as well
What impact did the electric telegraph have on industrial warfare?
It allowed communication across long ranges
What impact did mass production have on industrial warfare?
It allowed for bigger armies and more frequent use of guns
Who invented the method of mass producing steel cheaply?
Besemer
How were soldiers recruited at the start of the industrial period?
Kidnapping
Bounty
Purchase system
What problems were there with recruitment and training at the start of the industrial period?
Desertion and unwilling to train
Give some of Cardwell’s reforms?
21 - 12 years service
No flogging
No purchase system
How did training improve after 1850?
Military schools
Why did the cost of the army increase in the industrial period and how was this accounted for?
Bigger army size required a bigger cost.
Taxation doubled
Who was William Howard Russell?
He was the first war reporter
How did civilian experience change in the industrial period?
They were more knowledgeable about the war
Increased taxation
How have guns and tanks changed since ww1?
They have become faster and more accurate.
What is a PGM?
Precision Guided Missile
What is a UAV?
Unmanned Ariel vehicle
How did nuclear weapons change warfare?
Smaller army size and civilians impacted
What are combined arms tactics?
Using all your weapons at once
What is a radar?
It tells you were the enemy is
How has the composition of the army changed in the modern era?
Females, smaller, specialised
When was conscription introduced?
1916
What was national service?
Conscription during peace time - training
What were zeppelins?
Air ships drooping bombs - first time civilians are targets
How did civilian experience change during the ww2?
Worsened - e.g the Blitz
How is civilian experience of warfare different today?
CNN effect - wars are televised
