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History > Warfare Revision > Flashcards

Warfare Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of soldiers made up the medieval armies?

A

Infantry
Cavalry
Archers

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2
Q

Was social structure linked to army command?

A

Yes

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3
Q

How many soldiers were in medieval armies on average?

A

10,000

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4
Q

What was the name of the social structure by which England was organised in the medieval period?

A

Feudal system

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5
Q

What type of soldier was in decline at the end of the medieval period? Why?

A

Cavalry.
Schiltrons, Increased longbow use and plate armour.

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6
Q

How many arrows could be fired per minute from a longbow?

A

12 on average

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7
Q

Why was there an increased use of longbows?

A

They could reload fast, had a long range and were very accurate

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8
Q

What was the range of the longbow?

A

350 metres

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9
Q

What is the name of the tight formations of infantry gathered in a circle or square with pikes facing outward?

A

Shiltron

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10
Q

An advantage of using gunpowder?

A

It was very good for siege warfare and attacking unmoving targets

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11
Q

What was one disadvantage of gunpowder in the Middle Ages?

A

It was unreliable and could not be moved easily

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12
Q

Was there a permanent standing army in the Middle Ages?

A

No

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13
Q

A feudal summons was a way of recruiting knights for how many days?

A

40

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14
Q

By the end of the 14th century how many knights followed the feudal summons?

A

1/6

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15
Q

To avoid fighting it was possible for the knights to pay a tax - Middle Ages. What was this called?

A

Scutage

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16
Q

What was the name given to the contract between the king and his individual knights as a guarantee of military service?

A

Indenture

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17
Q

What was an advantage of the increased use of indentures?

A

More knights turned up and there was a guaranteed army size.

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18
Q

What was the Statute of Winchester?

A

It extended the Assize of Arms so all fit men between 16 and 60 were equipped for 40 days service.
Archery targets were also set up in every town

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19
Q

What year was the Statute of Winchester set up?

A

1285

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20
Q

How much did foot soldiers receive? How about archers? - Middle Ages

A

2d vs 6d

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21
Q

Which king and which year was the longbow law?

A

1363 by king Edward 111

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22
Q

What two ways did civilians in the Middle Ages suffer as a result of warfare?

A

Purveyance, plunder, raids, sieges

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23
Q

What was the Grand Chevauchee?

A

In 1355 the Black Prince destroyed 500 villages - the worst civilian experience in Middle Ages

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24
Q

What year was the battle of Naseby?

A

1645

25
Q

What was the name of the new professional army used at the battle of Naseby by the Parliamentarians at Naseby?

A

New model army

26
Q

Who were the leaders of the Parliamentarian army at Naseby?

A

Oliver Cromwell

27
Q

Who had more troops Parliamentarians or Royalists - Naseby?

A

The Parliamentarians because they were paid and there was a chance of promotion.

28
Q

Who took the high position - Naseby?

A

Parliamentarians

29
Q

Who was the leader of the Royalist army at Naseby?

A

Prince Rupert

30
Q

What major mistakes did the royalist army make?

A

The cavalry looted the baggage train

31
Q

What was the name of Cromwell’s amazing cavalry troops?

A

Ironsides

32
Q

By hoe much did the average army size increase from 1700 to 1900

A

It increased by 7x

33
Q

By 1850, what percentage of the army were infantry, cavalry and artillery?

A

80% infantry
10% cavalry
10% artillery

34
Q

What does BRASS stand for?

A

Breech loaded
Rifling
Ammunition
Smokeless powder
Steel casting

35
Q

What were percussion bullets?

A

They kept the gunpowder dry

36
Q

How did the artillery change in the industrial period?

A

It became more reliable

37
Q

What impact did steam railways and ships have on industrial warfare?

A

Supplies and troops were faster. Impacted the spread of news as well

38
Q

What impact did the electric telegraph have on industrial warfare?

A

It allowed communication across long ranges

39
Q

What impact did mass production have on industrial warfare?

A

It allowed for bigger armies and more frequent use of guns

40
Q

Who invented the method of mass producing steel cheaply?

A

Besemer

41
Q

How were soldiers recruited at the start of the industrial period?

A

Kidnapping
Bounty
Purchase system

42
Q

What problems were there with recruitment and training at the start of the industrial period?

A

Desertion and unwilling to train

43
Q

Give some of Cardwell’s reforms?

A

21 - 12 years service
No flogging
No purchase system

44
Q

How did training improve after 1850?

A

Military schools

45
Q

Why did the cost of the army increase in the industrial period and how was this accounted for?

A

Bigger army size required a bigger cost.
Taxation doubled

46
Q

Who was William Howard Russell?

A

He was the first war reporter

47
Q

How did civilian experience change in the industrial period?

A

They were more knowledgeable about the war
Increased taxation

48
Q

How have guns and tanks changed since ww1?

A

They have become faster and more accurate.

49
Q

What is a PGM?

A

Precision Guided Missile

50
Q

What is a UAV?

A

Unmanned Ariel vehicle

51
Q

How did nuclear weapons change warfare?

A

Smaller army size and civilians impacted

52
Q

What are combined arms tactics?

A

Using all your weapons at once

53
Q

What is a radar?

A

It tells you were the enemy is

54
Q

How has the composition of the army changed in the modern era?

A

Females, smaller, specialised

55
Q

When was conscription introduced?

A

1916

56
Q

What was national service?

A

Conscription during peace time - training

57
Q

What were zeppelins?

A

Air ships drooping bombs - first time civilians are targets

58
Q

How did civilian experience change during the ww2?

A

Worsened - e.g the Blitz

59
Q

How is civilian experience of warfare different today?

A

CNN effect - wars are televised

History (11 decks)

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