The Cold War Flashcards
When was the Tehran conference?
November 1943
When was the Yalta conference?
February 1945
When was the Potsdam conference?
July 1945
Who was at the Tehran conference?
Churchill, Stalin, Roosevelt
Who was at the Potsdam conference?
Attlee, Stalin and Truman
What was the long telegram?
The long telegram was an 8000 word telegram sent to the USA by George Kennan. The message outlined his fears over the Soviet actions with Eastern Europe.
What was the Novikov telegram?
The Novikov telegrams was another really long telegram. However, this time it was sent to the Soviets.
What was the Iron Curtain?
A metaphorical divide between East and West Europe (communism and capitalism)
What were the consequences of the Iron Curtain speech?
It was negative international relations as it singled out Stalin as the enemy
What were the agreements in the Tehran conference?
Open a second front by invading France
What were the agreements at the Yalta conference?
They would split Germany and Berlin into four zones.
However, they were still unsure what to do with Poland and reparations
What did the Truman doctrine state?
Capitalism is great.
Communism is evil.
It is essential to stop communism spreading.
Containment
What is a doctrine?
A belief or set of beliefs
What was the Marshall plan?
The recovery program that provided money and resources to rebuild Europe after World War II (launched by the USA)
How much was the 1947 Greece and Turkey aid bill?
The USA sent $800 million
What was dollar imperialism?
The idea that the USA spreads its power and influence around the world using money
What was Comecon?
The Soviet recovery plan for Eastern Europe after World War II. It was created in 1949 and it was meant to be countries working together to help each other rebuild.
What was Cominform?
Controlling all the countries in Eastern Europe, which were Communist
What was the causes of the Berlin blockade?
Bizonia and Trizonia…
American aid?
The new currency of West Germany. ( Deutschmark)
When was the Berlin blockade?
The 24th of June 1948
What was the USA’s response to the Berlin blockade?
Truman ordered the Berlin airlift, which lasted 15 months and had an average of one plane land every three minutes
When was NATO formed?
April 1949
When was the Warsaw Pact set up?
1955
What does mutually assured destruction mean?
The idea that neither side would use nuclear weapons because to do so, would mean thier own destruction
What is a military industrial complex?
A country where most money is spent on weapons
In 1957, during arms race, how much did the USA increase in military spending bye
20%
When did Khrushchev come to power?
1953
What was the Déstalinisation. Give examples
The process to remove some of starlings legacy.
Removing places named after him.
Reducing secret police powers.
Abolishing the death penalty.
The release of political prisoners
And removal of his statues and portraits
What caused the Hungarian uprising?
Hungarian land was be distributed to eastern European countries.
Non-Communist political parties well polished
Rakosi was appointed as hungrys dictator
reign of terror-secret police
Food shortages
Declining economy.
The low standard of living
Reduction of freedom
How many Hungarians imprisoned due to Rakosi’s leadership
387,000
How many Hungarians were killed due to the Hungarian uprising?
20,000
When did Hungary get invaded?
The 4th of November 1956
Why were the Hungarians invaded?
Nagy made reforms which the Soviets did not approve of
What is brinkmanship?
Test in someone’s limits
When did Khrushchev issue the Berlin ultimatum?
In November 1958
Why was the Paris summit a disaster in May 1960
Because, before the summit an American U-2 spy plane was spotted flying over Soviet territory
Why was Camp David a success?
Because Krushchev agrees to draw his ultimatum and arranges to meet the following year to discuss next steps
How much did the USA spend on the Marshall plan in total?
12.7 billion dollars
What was so significant about the USSR dropping its first H - bomb?
It was 4 years earlier than expected
Why was the Paris summit a failure and what was the consequence of this?
It was a failure because before the summit a U2 American spy plane was shot down while flying over enemy territory. The pilot was Barry Powers. The USSR reissued the 6 month ultimatum.
What happened during the 1961 Vienna Summit?
Kennedy (although young and inexperienced) rejected Krushchev’s ultimatum. And the USA increases their defence spending to $3.5 billion anually
Nagy made reforms in Hungary which led to the Hungarian uprising. Some examples include…
Free elections
The release of many political prisoners
And non-communists could join the government.
Khrushchev was OK with these however…
Leaving the Warsaw pact!
When did the USSR invade Hungary?
1956 - 4th of November
