War: First World War 1914-1918

Question 1

First World War 1914-1918

Summary

Answer 1

• so there’s a guy called the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and he is assassinated by the black hand gang from Serbia which then means that Germany and austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia

so france declares war cuz thyey mates with Serbia

so Germany attacks them going through Belgium but Belgium have got a defense pact of Britain

so Britain declares war in Germany and therefore also Austria- Hungary

and Russia declares war on Germany in support of serbia too

• in 1915 Nicholas ii decides to become the commander of the army and leads everyone from the front

however back in St Petersburg which is now renamed to Petrograd to make it sound less German is having a bit of a cuffle over conditions, food and generally not being happy

and then they decide to go on strike then protests then guads and the army stationed there join them

they end up just calling the tsar back from the front line and then they force him to abdicate

the provision of government is established and then later they also experienced strike but they survived the strikes

then there’s a coup and they survive the coup because Kornilovs train doesnt leave the station

but they happen to give all the guns and stuff to the bolsheviks

and they just use the guns to get rid of the provisional government and now now that everyone’s communist

then Lenin gets rid of all of the other parties because he lost the little election he tried to do then he does the brest-litvsok treaty in march 1918 gets rid of all the nationalities and pulls out of the war

now Russia isnt in ww1 anymore woo

Question 2

First World War 1914-1918

Society?

Answer 2

• lots of unrest occurred
– this is due to food shortages + rationing as all the food is directed towards the front
– even though all the food had rotted when got to front
– also working conditions
– didn’t want to be in this war
– the tsarina who was put in charge was German and they’re fighting the German so that’s a little bit suspicious
– tsar at the front doesn’t care

= Strikes and Protests throught the war (Also causes revolutions)

• the peasants little father died which made them very sad until the the land ordinance was given by Lenin

• April thesis = more radical socialist workers

• the rise in population = more food demand which led to even more unrest

• the elite in social system fell after the two revolutions that took place during the war meaning there was no more middle or upperclass elites in Russia

– the societal system theoretically changed on paper

Tsar, Nobels, clergy, gov, elites, workers, peasnts

Lenin, Gov, Workers, Peasnts

Question 3

First World War 1914-1918

Politics?

Answer 3

• two revolutions in 1917 in February and October seeing the political system in Russia go from autocracy to a pseudo democracy to a one-party socialist state

• during the provisional government there was a corner of fair in which a coup was attempted but failed

• complaining workers who complained about food conditions the government rights etc cause strikes

• Alexandra who was in charge at the time while Nicholas was away was German which looked bad considering they were fighting Germany and the Rasputin Theory also caused more distrust

• the land issue being unresolved for the longest of time and Sylvie land ordience = peasants and deserters tried to claim land from previous owners

• the wars ended with the Treaty of brest-litvsok in March 1918 and saw the Independence of many countries

• the Russian military during the war was so poor that many many people died including 8 million casualties 7.4 million captured

– this may have been because Nicholas became the commandering chief in 1915
– and proceeded to ignore all of his generals and strategists

Question 4

First World War 1914-1918

Nationalities?

Answer 4

• in 1916 Nicholas II attempted to enforce conscription into the central Asia region during Ramadan which made everyone very upset and caused the conscription Rebellion
– which grew into a wider conflicts in central Asia that continued throughout the war

• to end the war on March 3rd 1918 the breast litosk treaty was signed:
– Ukraine, Georgia, Finland, gained full independence
– Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia went to Germany and Austria Hungary (which were later independent after the war)

– Karsardahan and Butum went to turkey to

• 1 million miles squared of Russian territory was lost including ⅓ of Agriculture ⅔ heavy industry and 55 million people

As well as lots of railway lines as well as coal oil and iron stores

Question 5

First World War 1914-1918

Economy?

Answer 5

• many large strikes occurred in January, February, July etc

• the petrograd bread ration had decreased by 25% in the first three months of 1916

• conditions and food Willow on supply, food went to the front and not the workers so they were hungry

• strikes led to a decrease in production which led to a Shell crisis which led to less money because of less trade which meant there was more inflation 400% by 1917 which led to unrest which led to even more strikes

• it was a big debt and inflation likely caused by strikes

• the War cost over 3 billion rubles

• due to the breast of toxic treatsy Russia had lost significant agriculture and Industry meaning economic recovery would be incredibly difficult

Question 6

First World War 1914-1918

Turning Point?

Answer 6

• main Turning Point for the first world war was political as it saw the ruling of Russia go from an autocracy to a pseudo democracy to one party socialist States which it will remain as till 1999

• best single war mainly the revolutions within the war affected not just the history of Russia but the history of the world
– as this would latest thought the second world war and the Cold War which dominated world politics for half a century