War: Cold War 1947-64-1991 Flashcards
The Cold War 1947-64-1991
Summary
• the USA and the USSR are no longer allies due to the ussr’s violent foreign policy
capitalism hates communism and communism hates capitalism so they’re natural enemies
they’re also both spying on each other
Truman doctrine March 1947
– pledge help free countries being invaded by armed military’s and outside pressure AKA soviets
• Marshall Plan June 1947 the USA plans to economically recover Europe
rejected by molotov the Soviet foreign minister to stop the spread of capitalism
Cominform September 1947
(Means the Communist information bearu)
– was established to promote ideological unity among the Communist parties in Europe
– its main aim was to complete the sovietization of the satellite States
• response to Marshall aid, USSR set up Comecon (47)
– to integrate the economies of Eastern Europe
– though there wasn’t any real integration till after 1959
but
– the Communist States did follow com economic model though including:
– Five-Year Plans, centralised ecos and collectivisation
All this division increased tensions with the West
cuz cold war = never any direct fighting between USA and USSR
there are just many proxy Wars and debates over ideology
The Cold War 1947-64-1991
Society?
• Russians experience discontent with poor living and working conditions due to industrial focus on the military diverting the money towards that rather than conditions
– all attempts to protests were ruthlessly dealt with
• during K’s thaw (détente) there was an improvement on living conditions with the new tenements and a shift to focus on consumer goods
• minimal overall impact on Society in Russia as there isn’t any fighting
The main effect on society was the burden of the ussr’s economic costs on its spendercher during for example Arms races
The Cold War 1947-64-1991
Politics?
• little overall impact on the structure of the government and functioning
• destalinisation to try to make Russia’s seem nicer to the west
– as USA still had containment policy of stop spread of com
– make gov ▲ like Lenin not Stalin
– ▼ cult of personality and ▲ strengthen the party rather than an individual in power
– Party = center of power ≠ leader
• caves political ideologies parties determined by the state of the Cold War:
– during tension = ▲ focused on power and ideology and economic supremacy
thaw = ▲ focused on attempt establish peaceful/neutral relations with the West + try ▲ QoL of the soviets
• various events occurred during the Cold War that had an impact on political Foreign Relations
The Cold War 1947-64-1991
Nationalities?
• Polish, Georgian, Hungarian uprising / protests in 1956
– Polish uprising was solved peacefully: agree to terms
– Georgan uprising solved with guns
– Hungarian uprising solved with big tanks
Hungarian uprising shows dissatisfaction of a nationality is with the USSR cuz attempted to leave the Warsaw pact
The situation with East Germany including K’s letter, alternator, 1961 Berlin Wall
– showed nationalities involvement in the war
– esp Germany cuz share border with the West
• in this time period from 47-64 the nationalities overall weren’t involved with the overall Cold War
or demanded too many freedoms or need for autonomy other than anomalies such as Hungary
At this point all of the nationalities had their own communist gov and eco + in contact with/ Answers 2 the Russian communist party
Meaning overall were relatively United and interconnected meaning less mass opposition
The Cold War 1947-64-1991
economy?
• nuclear Arms Race + space race w/ USA was incredibly expensive
• at first the Russian government could cope w/ it
but by 1964 ▲ lvls of heavy industry investment for the military
+ shift away from consumer Industries
= living and working conditions were ▼ compared to the west
But
during Thaw = ▲ focus on consumer Industries and tenaments
= ▲ conditions in Russia than there was before
• by end of period = clear the USSR ≠ financially strong enough to participate in a new full war
• even agriculture and Grain was failing with the failure of the Virgin land scheme in central Asia,
– leading to the 1963 poor harvest which was sold by importing grain from the USA + AUS
– can be seen as an ideological failure of communism as needed to import goods from capitalist country to survive
Overall the cold war was expensive for the USSR and while wherever the focus of industry was did benefit from the war
it was at the detriment of other Industries meaning the economy as a whole was negatively impacted by the War
The Cold War 1947-64-1991
Turning point?
The major turning point of the Cold War is mainly the economy
cuz slow collapse of USSR economy
cuz nuclear Arms Race + space race with USA who has the money and Resources to do this
Russia can do it
but compromise consumer goods + living and working conditions to fall behind the Western standards
Gov = 2nd tho
• the fear of War for over 40 years
+ High tensions on government to oppose USA+ allies + strengthen own allies
– respond to events with strength
– such as the Berlin war, hungry, U2
to show the communism isn’t terrible
= slowly cripples the government with every failure that occurs
till k is replaced
as These failures and making the USSR as a whole look bad on a global stage
This is why the economy is the most significant impact and turning point of the Cold war with government 2nd
The Cold War 1947-64-1991
List of cold war events in the period we study
• Marshall aid 47 june also truman doctorine 47 march and containment
• comiform and comecon 1947 sept
• Berlin blockade 48
• NATO 49
• End of blockade 49
• Korean War 50-3
• hydrogen bombs USA 52 USSR 53
• Walsall pact 55
• Hungarian uprising 56 October
– also poland and Georgia
• Cominform Disbanded 56
• Suez Crisis 56
• Sputnik 1 57
– September 59 K visits USA for the first time
• may 1960 usa U2 spy plane
• June 61 k demands demilitarisation of Berlin in Vienna with Kennedy
• August 61 construction of the Berlin Wall has begun
• September 62 to June 63 Cuban missile crises
• bye-bye Khrushchev
The Cold War 1947-64-1991
List of Cold war related topics from we didnt start the fire in order
• Harry truman
• red china
• Joe Mcarthy, richard nixon
• North Korea, South Korea
• Rosenburgs, H-Bomb
• Panmunjom
• eisenhower
• Joseph stalin, Malenvok
• Nasser and Prokofiev
• Communist Bloc
• Roy cohn
• Dien Bein Phu falls
• Budapest (Hungarian Uprising)
• Khrushchev
• Trouble In the Suez
• Pasternak
• Sputnik, Zhou en-lai
• Children of Thalidomide (Technicaly in Germany???)
• Space monkey
• Castro
• U-2
• Syngman Rhee
• Kennedy
• Belgians in the Congo
• Berlin
• Bay of Pigs Invasion
• John Glenn
• British Polititian Sex
• JFK BLOWN AWAY WHAT ELSE DO I HAVE TO SAY
• Ho Chi Minh
• Richard Nixon Back again
• Moon Shot
• Watergate
• Reagan
• Russians in Afghanistan
• Foreign Debts, Homless VETS
• china’s Under Maritial Law
Cold war 1947-64-91
Cuban missile crisis Sept 62- Jan 63
• the Cuban missile crisis September 1962 – January 1963 almost started a nuclear war but Russia eventually backs down:
– Cuba houses Soviet missiles next to the USA
– Turkey houses USA missiles next to the USSR
– after Bay of Pigs invasion in Cuba by the USA the USSR increases support of castro’s regime by 1962 K secretly installed ballistic missiles in Cuba
• Kennedy learns of this publicly denounces Soviet actions and in October 62 puts a naval blockade on Cuba
• Kennedy also States any missile out of Cuba would lead to a full-scale attack on the USSR by usa
• eventually a Soviet ship carrying missiles of Cuba turned back to Russia
K agreed to dismantle the missile sites
Kennedy agreed to dismantle their missile sites in Turkey + cancel Invasion of Cuba
Kennedy ≠ admit this publicly making it look like a USSR failure
