War: Cival War 1917-1921

Question 1

Cival War 1917-1921

Summary

Answer 1

Bolsheviks vs Tsarist reminant supporters, other political partys vs peasnts

Red army vs White army vs Green army

after oct rev B only have PG and Moscow

so need to take the rest of russia

resto of russia doesnt want to be taken

so war

also peasnts are tired of this bullshit so they start fighting too

November Military offencive 1917- 1921 nov when last white army fled

white army mainly not unified force

but are trying to beat the B

its really complecated

they all try to kill each other to see who would get to keep russia after the revolutions and WW1

it was The Bolsheviks

Question 2

Cival War 1917-1921

Society?

Answer 2

Peasnts are conscripted to the Red army, also their “Little Farther” is now dead - Only care for land now

1921 famine millions die cuz War Com

Defeated by Poland = Russ Humiliation

2 mill ppl leave russia cuz of war

10 mill die mainly cuz of famine and disease

10% Pop dies = workers even tho they arnt conscripted (mabye volenteer)

divides russia between Com and no com (Tsar + other partys) supporters + neither (peasnt green)

Question 3

Cival War 1917-1921

Politics?

Answer 3

Green army demonstraights the peasnts had enough of politics and want more freedoms so join war
(usualy conservative but want land)

Political war Democracy vs 1 party socialists

who should rule russia

Checka vs Kulaks with war comm and grain collections

Tsar and Fam = Exicuted by checka at Ekaterunburg July 1918
– Reducing him as a figure of hope for old tsarist supporters

• Bol seen as Bad so Lenin’s foregin policy = Peace with west (No world Rev)

Spread of Comm party = B stay in power and ¾ Mill Members in party
= Bolshevik constitution made in 1918 outlying Russias new gov structure

Becomes a International Issue

April 1918 L thinks war over after Kornilovs volenteer army defeated
But Brit marines support Bol opposition
and Aug 1918 = USA troops help too

Question 4

Cival War 1917-1921

Nationalities?

Answer 4

USSR = 1922

May 1918 Czech Legion revolt on way back to Vladivostok
and ally w/ SRs against B

• Ukraine demand independece from centeral ctrl = want nat identity = nope

Estonia peace deal with Sovnarkom feb 1920

Treaty of Tartu
Estonia independece and Russ and Est all go home

(Same as other treaty of Tartu with Finnland (Same terms))

April 1921 Poland invades Kiev so Russ pushes them back to warsaw

Aug 1921 = Poland Beats red army and Russo-Polish Conflict ends oct 1921
w/ Treaty of Riga:
– Poland gets bits of Bellorus and Ukraine and a Boarder with Russia

Alash Automony = Ends 1917-1920 (Allied with white army!)

Kokland automony 17-18

After Cent asian Revolt 1916-17:
Basmachi Rebellion 1916-1926 (34)

Question 5

Cival War 1917-1921

Economy?

Answer 5

• industry overall Falls to 20% of pre-war levels from 1913
29mill T coal to 8.9 M t in 1921

• economic collapse occurs

• City worker population falls by 50% of 1917 levels

• due to the war 2 million people fled Russia decreasing the worker population

• 2R = $1 in 1914
1200R = $1 in 1920

1R in 1920 oct = 1% of 1917 R value

R Fell so much at the start of 1921 90% of all workers wages were paid in kind rather than currency

Question 6

Cival War 1917-1921

Turning Point?

Answer 6

The civil war was mainly a Turning Point for Russia in terms of politics as the main impact was the establishment of the one party Soviet government

with the 1918 constitution throughout the whole of Russia and not just small places it had been after the First World War

An equally large impact could be considered to be industry which felt dramatically due to the thalriers of both stafed capitalism and war communism

And while the nep was successful at aiding the economy it could be argued that this itself was an ideological failure as it was diverging from Lenin’s original communist principles

Which may be why when starling came into power he switched to a command economy therefore making this the reason for an economic Turning Point

Question 7

Cival war 1917-21

Eco Policies

Answer 7

• war communism in 1918, NEP in 1920, state capitalism 1917- 1921 all eco policies

– state capitalism involved the nationalisation of many Industries
+ militerisation of Labour

– war communism including grain requisition = feed Red Army mainly collected by peasants (Narkomprod) from kulaks

– some refuse give or requisite grain = to famine in 1921
– resolved by American relief admin + regaining Ukraine a highly agricultural area

Nep:
– the de-nationalisation of small scale Industries = workshops produce consumer items EG clothes/shoes
– nationalised heavy industry + trusts = orgs financial Managment

– responsible for Purchase raw materials + equipment + pay wages
– remove restrictions on a private sales of goods and services to increase trade + encourage foreign trade
– end grain requisitioning and allow peasants to sell surplus in local market

(Basicly Capitalism so unpop and kinda against lenin’s Ideology and old policies so Unpop on Left and right side of party)