War Communism 1918 - 1921 Flashcards

1
Q

What was War Communism?

A

Restrictive political and economic measures adopted during the first years of Communist Rule

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2
Q

When was War Communism introduced?

A

During the Civil War 1918 - 1921

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3
Q

Why was War Communism introduced?

A

Due to problems caused by the civil war.
Lenin judged that the White menace could only be met by intensification of authority in regions the Reds controlled.
To keep the towns and Red Army provided with food and weapons.

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4
Q

What were the main features of War Communism?

A
Grain Requisitioning
Nationalisation of Industry
Banning of Private Trade
Labour Discipline
Rationing
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5
Q

What was set up to establish the forcible requisitioning of grain as standard policy? When?

A

The Food-Supplies Dictatorship

May 1918

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6
Q

Why had Bolsheviks been sending units of Red Guards and soldiers into the countryside?

A

To find grain for hard-pressed cities

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7
Q

Who were Vesenkha and what did they do?

A

The Supreme Council of National Economy - administered all industry when it was brought under state control

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8
Q

Who were workers committees replaced by?

A

Single managers reporting to central authorities - this was the only way to stop the chaos

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9
Q

What happened as a result of all private trade and manufacturing being banned?

A

State trading organisation was chaotic.
The industry was not producing enough consumer goods.
Huge black market developed, without which people couldn’t survive.

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10
Q

What discipline was brought back to the workplace?

A

Fines for lateness + absenteeism.

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11
Q

Why were internal passports introduced?

A

To stop people fleeing to the countryside

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12
Q

What was brought back as part of labour discipline?

A

Piece-work rates.

Bonuses + work book needed to get rations.

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13
Q

What type of rationing system was introduced?

A

Class-based rationing system

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14
Q

Who was given priority with rations?

A

The labour force and Red Army

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15
Q

Who was given smaller rations?

A

Civil servants and professionals e.g. doctors.

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16
Q

Who was given the smallest rations?

A

Burzhui (middle class) or ‘former people’

17
Q

How were workers paid during War Communism?

A

Money was abolished - paid through their rations and public transport was free