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War And Revolution (3) Flashcards

1
Q

When was the fourth duma suspended and reconvened?

A

August 1st, 1914

June-July 1915

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2
Q

When was the progressive bloc formed in the duma?

A

June 25th, 1915

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3
Q

When was Nicholas II made commander in chief of the armies?

A

August 22nd, 1915

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4
Q

When was Rasputin murdered?

A

December 1st, 1916

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5
Q

When was the February revolution?

A

1917

18th February to 4th March

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6
Q

When did the strikes in Petrograd begin?

A

February 18th

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7
Q

When was international women’s day?

A

23rd February

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8
Q

When was their city wide strikes in Petrograd by?

A

25th February

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9
Q

Hen did the Tsar officially abdicate?

A

2nd March

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10
Q

What was one major mistake by the Tsar? Who did he refuse to cooperate with?

A

They refused to fully cooperate with the non-governmental organisations, like the Union of Zemstva and the Union of Municipal Councils

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11
Q

What was the Union of Zemstva?

A

A set of patriotic rural local councils

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12
Q

What was the Union of Municipal Councils?

A

A set of patriotic urban local councils

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13
Q

What did the Union of Zemstva and the Union of Municipal Councils form?

A

A joint organisation, Zemgor

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14
Q

What was Zemgor?

A

The joint body that devoted itself to helping Russia’s war wounded

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15
Q

What did the successes of Zemgor do?

A

Highlighted the government’s own failures and hinted there might be an alternative to tsardom

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16
Q

How many duma deputies formed the Progressive Bloc?

A

236 out of 422

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17
Q

Who was involved in the Progressive Bloc?

A

The Kadets, the Octobrists, the nationalists and the Party of Progressive Industrialists

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18
Q

Who did not formally join the Bloc? What did they do?

A

The SRs

They voted with it in all the duma resolutions, which criticised the government’s handling of the war

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19
Q

How did Nicholas respond to the Bloc?

A

He ignored it and was stubborn

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20
Q

Who was Rasputin?

A

A self-ordained holy man from the Russian steppes who was notorious for his sexual depravity

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21
Q

Who liked Rasputin?

A

The women, who found him fascinating and threw themselves at him, boasting they had slept with him

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22
Q

Who disliked Rasputin?

A

Outraged husbands and officials

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23
Q

When was Rasputin introduced to the Tsar and tsarina?

A

1907

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24
Q

Why did the tsarina invite him to court?

A

She was desperate to cure her son, Alexei, of his haemophilia

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25
How did Rasputin help?
Alexei’s condition eased considerably
26
Why was Rasputin’s healing impact believed by the tsarina?
She was a deeply religious woman, and believed that he was a gift from God
27
How did Rasputin’s enemies refer to him?
The “mad monk”
28
What did the Tsarina made Rasputin?
Her confidant
29
What is a confidant?
A person who one confides intimate secrets and a special trust
30
Why was the tsarina already unpopular during the war period?
Her German nationality meant people called her a spy
31
How did the tsarina refer to Rasputin in her letters to Nicholas?
“Our dear friend”
32
When the Tsar was at war, who effectively ruled Russia from 1915?
The tsarina and Rasputin
33
How did the tsarina’s enemies refer to her?
“The German woman”
34
How did the strict followers of the Tsar find the relationship between the tsarina and Rasputin?
The found it difficult to defend a system that allowed a nation in the hour of its greatest trial to fall under their control
35
Who warned the Tsar about Rasputin’s presence?
Rodzianko
36
What did Rasputin’s presence mean for the Tsar?
His reputation declined further and his government fell into increasing disrepute
37
When was Rasputin murdered?
December 1916
38
When was the February revolution?
18th February - 4th March 1917
39
Where did the February revolution begin?
With a strike at the Putilov factories in Petrograd
40
Who was Rodzianko?
The duma’s president
41
By 1917, what was the issue with those employed in the Tsar’s government?
All the good people have been dismissed or have left
42
What was Putilov?
Steel works
43
How did the strikes escalate?
The Putilov strikers were joined on the streets by growing numbers of workers who had been angered by numerous rumours of further cuts to bread supplies
44
What event clashed with the strikes?
International Women’s Day
45
When was International Women’s Day?
23rd February
46
What did International Women’s Day mean for the strikes?
It brought thousands of women on the streets to join the protesters in demanding food and an end to the war
47
What had happened by the 25th February?
Petrograd was paralysed by a city-wide strike in Petrograd
48
How did the government respond to the strikes?
There was a great deal of confusion and very little direction from the top
49
What were the protestors unhappy about?
Shortages of food The miseries brought by war General political unrest
50
Where was the Tsar during the protests?
At his military headquarters at Mogilev, 400 miles from Petrograd He relied on Alexandra’s letters for news updates
51
What did Nicholas order when he heard about the disturbances?
General Khabalov to restore order but the situation was uncontrollable
52
What had Khabalov earlier asked for?
For the government to declare martial law in Petrograd
53
What was martial law?
The power to use unlimited force against demonstrators
54
What did the troops of the Petrograd garrison do?
By the 26th February, 150000 of them had deserted
55
During the breakdown of order, what did Rodzianko do?
Informed the Tsar only a major concession on the government’s behalf would restore order
56
In response to Rodzianko’s comment on his situation, how did the Tsar respond to the duma?
He ordered it to dissolve
57
How did the duma respond when asked to dissolve in 1917?
12 members disobeyed and formed a “provisional committee”
58
What followed the formation of the Provisional Committee?
Alexander Kerensky called for the Tsar to stand down as head of state
59
When was the formation of the Petrograd Soviet?
27th February 1917
60
Who was involved in the Petrograd Soviet?
Soldiers Sailors Workers
61
Who was the moving force behind the setting up of the Petrograd Soviet?
The Mensheviks
62
What was the Provisional Committee?
A body representing the reformist elements of the old duma and the Soviet, speaking for the striking workers and rebellious troops
63
Who was “dual authority” between?
The balance of power between the PG and the PS
64
What did the Soviet declare it wanted to do?
“Wipe out the old system completely” Summon a constituent assembly, elected by universal suffrage
65
What was universal suffrage?
An electoral system in which all adults have the right to vote
66
When did Nicholas decide to return to Petrograd? What did he think would happen?
28th February His presence would have a calming effect on the capital
67
What happened on the tsar’s journey back to Petrograd?
The train was intercepted by mutinous troops, who forced it to divert to Pskov, a depot 100 miles from Petrograd
68
What happened in Pskov?
A group of generals warned the Tsar of the situation in Petrograd and advised he abdicated
69
When did the Tsar officially abdicate?
March 2nd
70
What did the Provisional Committee rename itself?
The Provisional Government
71
Who was responsible for governing Russia following the tsar’s abdication?
The PG
72
When was the world informed revolution had occurred?
3rd March
73
What was the Bolsheviks role in the revolution?
They were absent
74
Where was Lenin during the 1917 revolution?
In exile to Switzerland and had not been in Russia for over a decade
75
How many people died in the 1917 revolution?
Between 1500 and 2000

Russian History (7 decks)

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