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Russian History > War And Revolution (3) > Flashcards

War And Revolution (3) Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the fourth duma suspended and reconvened?

A

August 1st, 1914

June-July 1915

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2
Q

When was the progressive bloc formed in the duma?

A

June 25th, 1915

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3
Q

When was Nicholas II made commander in chief of the armies?

A

August 22nd, 1915

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4
Q

When was Rasputin murdered?

A

December 1st, 1916

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5
Q

When was the February revolution?

A

1917

18th February to 4th March

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6
Q

When did the strikes in Petrograd begin?

A

February 18th

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7
Q

When was international women’s day?

A

23rd February

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8
Q

When was their city wide strikes in Petrograd by?

A

25th February

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9
Q

Hen did the Tsar officially abdicate?

A

2nd March

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10
Q

What was one major mistake by the Tsar? Who did he refuse to cooperate with?

A

They refused to fully cooperate with the non-governmental organisations, like the Union of Zemstva and the Union of Municipal Councils

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11
Q

What was the Union of Zemstva?

A

A set of patriotic rural local councils

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12
Q

What was the Union of Municipal Councils?

A

A set of patriotic urban local councils

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13
Q

What did the Union of Zemstva and the Union of Municipal Councils form?

A

A joint organisation, Zemgor

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14
Q

What was Zemgor?

A

The joint body that devoted itself to helping Russia’s war wounded

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15
Q

What did the successes of Zemgor do?

A

Highlighted the government’s own failures and hinted there might be an alternative to tsardom

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16
Q

How many duma deputies formed the Progressive Bloc?

A

236 out of 422

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17
Q

Who was involved in the Progressive Bloc?

A

The Kadets, the Octobrists, the nationalists and the Party of Progressive Industrialists

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18
Q

Who did not formally join the Bloc? What did they do?

A

The SRs

They voted with it in all the duma resolutions, which criticised the government’s handling of the war

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19
Q

How did Nicholas respond to the Bloc?

A

He ignored it and was stubborn

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20
Q

Who was Rasputin?

A

A self-ordained holy man from the Russian steppes who was notorious for his sexual depravity

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21
Q

Who liked Rasputin?

A

The women, who found him fascinating and threw themselves at him, boasting they had slept with him

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22
Q

Who disliked Rasputin?

A

Outraged husbands and officials

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23
Q

When was Rasputin introduced to the Tsar and tsarina?

A

1907

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24
Q

Why did the tsarina invite him to court?

A

She was desperate to cure her son, Alexei, of his haemophilia

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25
Q

How did Rasputin help?

A

Alexei’s condition eased considerably

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26
Q

Why was Rasputin’s healing impact believed by the tsarina?

A

She was a deeply religious woman, and believed that he was a gift from God

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27
Q

How did Rasputin’s enemies refer to him?

A

The “mad monk”

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28
Q

What did the Tsarina made Rasputin?

A

Her confidant

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29
Q

What is a confidant?

A

A person who one confides intimate secrets and a special trust

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30
Q

Why was the tsarina already unpopular during the war period?

A

Her German nationality meant people called her a spy

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31
Q

How did the tsarina refer to Rasputin in her letters to Nicholas?

A

“Our dear friend”

32
Q

When the Tsar was at war, who effectively ruled Russia from 1915?

A

The tsarina and Rasputin

33
Q

How did the tsarina’s enemies refer to her?

A

“The German woman”

34
Q

How did the strict followers of the Tsar find the relationship between the tsarina and Rasputin?

A

The found it difficult to defend a system that allowed a nation in the hour of its greatest trial to fall under their control

35
Q

Who warned the Tsar about Rasputin’s presence?

A

Rodzianko

36
Q

What did Rasputin’s presence mean for the Tsar?

A

His reputation declined further and his government fell into increasing disrepute

37
Q

When was Rasputin murdered?

A

December 1916

38
Q

When was the February revolution?

A

18th February - 4th March 1917

39
Q

Where did the February revolution begin?

A

With a strike at the Putilov factories in Petrograd

40
Q

Who was Rodzianko?

A

The duma’s president

41
Q

By 1917, what was the issue with those employed in the Tsar’s government?

A

All the good people have been dismissed or have left

42
Q

What was Putilov?

A

Steel works

43
Q

How did the strikes escalate?

A

The Putilov strikers were joined on the streets by growing numbers of workers who had been angered by numerous rumours of further cuts to bread supplies

44
Q

What event clashed with the strikes?

A

International Women’s Day

45
Q

When was International Women’s Day?

A

23rd February

46
Q

What did International Women’s Day mean for the strikes?

A

It brought thousands of women on the streets to join the protesters in demanding food and an end to the war

47
Q

What had happened by the 25th February?

A

Petrograd was paralysed by a city-wide strike in Petrograd

48
Q

How did the government respond to the strikes?

A

There was a great deal of confusion and very little direction from the top

49
Q

What were the protestors unhappy about?

A

Shortages of food
The miseries brought by war
General political unrest

50
Q

Where was the Tsar during the protests?

A

At his military headquarters at Mogilev, 400 miles from Petrograd

He relied on Alexandra’s letters for news updates

51
Q

What did Nicholas order when he heard about the disturbances?

A

General Khabalov to restore order but the situation was uncontrollable

52
Q

What had Khabalov earlier asked for?

A

For the government to declare martial law in Petrograd

53
Q

What was martial law?

A

The power to use unlimited force against demonstrators

54
Q

What did the troops of the Petrograd garrison do?

A

By the 26th February, 150000 of them had deserted

55
Q

During the breakdown of order, what did Rodzianko do?

A

Informed the Tsar only a major concession on the government’s behalf would restore order

56
Q

In response to Rodzianko’s comment on his situation, how did the Tsar respond to the duma?

A

He ordered it to dissolve

57
Q

How did the duma respond when asked to dissolve in 1917?

A

12 members disobeyed and formed a “provisional committee”

58
Q

What followed the formation of the Provisional Committee?

A

Alexander Kerensky called for the Tsar to stand down as head of state

59
Q

When was the formation of the Petrograd Soviet?

A

27th February 1917

60
Q

Who was involved in the Petrograd Soviet?

A

Soldiers
Sailors
Workers

61
Q

Who was the moving force behind the setting up of the Petrograd Soviet?

A

The Mensheviks

62
Q

What was the Provisional Committee?

A

A body representing the reformist elements of the old duma and the Soviet, speaking for the striking workers and rebellious troops

63
Q

Who was “dual authority” between?

A

The balance of power between the PG and the PS

64
Q

What did the Soviet declare it wanted to do?

A

“Wipe out the old system completely”

Summon a constituent assembly, elected by universal suffrage

65
Q

What was universal suffrage?

A

An electoral system in which all adults have the right to vote

66
Q

When did Nicholas decide to return to Petrograd? What did he think would happen?

A

28th February

His presence would have a calming effect on the capital

67
Q

What happened on the tsar’s journey back to Petrograd?

A

The train was intercepted by mutinous troops, who forced it to divert to Pskov, a depot 100 miles from Petrograd

68
Q

What happened in Pskov?

A

A group of generals warned the Tsar of the situation in Petrograd and advised he abdicated

69
Q

When did the Tsar officially abdicate?

A

March 2nd

70
Q

What did the Provisional Committee rename itself?

A

The Provisional Government

71
Q

Who was responsible for governing Russia following the tsar’s abdication?

A

The PG

72
Q

When was the world informed revolution had occurred?

A

3rd March

73
Q

What was the Bolsheviks role in the revolution?

A

They were absent

74
Q

Where was Lenin during the 1917 revolution?

A

In exile to Switzerland and had not been in Russia for over a decade

75
Q

How many people died in the 1917 revolution?

A

Between 1500 and 2000

Russian History (7 decks)

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