war and diplomacy

Question 1

How did war and diplomacy help Henry IV?

Answer 1

• Orleans gave him ships and troops to invade England in 1399
• marriages of daughters to King of Romans and King of Norway in 1402 and 1406
• he married Joan of Brittany in 1402
• Royal Garter (Castille and Portugal)

Question 2

How did war and diplomacy hinder Henry IV?

Answer 2

• although marriage alliances gave him security, they didn’t actively help him much
• piracy due to Aquitaine 1401, naval attacks in 1404 from France (impacts on trade)
• Scotland: invades and wins easily in 1400 but little diplomatic benefit, captures earls in 1403 (but this leads to Henry IV/Percy divide)
• Hanseatic League cuts off trade
• FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES

Question 3

How did war and diplomacy help Henry V?

Answer 3

• 1414, Treaty with Brittany to isolate France
• James I (captured 1406) was kept to reduce any attacks from Scotland, secured northern border
• military success in France 1415 leads to good reputation and taxation for life
• Anglo-Burgundian alliance 1419, lead to Treaty of Troyes 1420

Question 4

How did war and diplomacy hinder Henry V?

Answer 4

• France initially refused his marriage to Catherine of Valois, sent him tennis balls (mocked him)
• financial debt from war with France (mainly hindered Henry VI’s reign)

Question 5

How did war and diplomacy help Henry VI?

Answer 5

• Burgundy captured Joan of Arc in 1430 and sold her to England
• kept Calais

Question 6

How did war and diplomacy hinder Henry VI?

Answer 6

• piracy on the Channel 1430s-1440s
• Anglo-Burgundian alliance ended 1435
• 1444 Treaty of Tours, ceded Maine to France + no dowry, symbol of English losses
• Battle of Castillon 1453, lost all French land except Calais, led to factionalism, rebellions and financial difficulties
  
  • lost Hundred Years War

Question 7

How did war and diplomacy help Edward IV?

Answer 7

• 1475 Treaty of Picquigny, gave him £10,000 a year
• marriage of Margaret to Burgundy in 1468, allowed him to flee and take refuge in Burgundian court 1470 when Warwick invaded England

Question 8

How did war and diplomacy hinder Edward IV?

Answer 8

• Warwick and Edward IV became divided when Edward married Elizabeth Woodville in 1464 and not the French princess that Warwick was campaigning for
• Warwick used Calais as a base when he was planning the usurpation
• 1482 Gloucester captured Berwick from Scotland but this distracted Edward from other affairs that he didn’t deal with -> Parliament upset

Question 9

How did war and diplomacy help Richard III?

Answer 9

• 1484 truce with Scotland
• deal with Brittany to give Henry Tudor to England

Question 10

How did war and diplomacy hinder Richard III?

Answer 10

• despite deal with Brittany, Henry Tudor fled
• naval attacks on France, Scotland and Brittany unnecessarily antagonised them, meant they supported Henry Tudor e.g. during Bosworth
• Brittany kept Henry Tudor, Yorkist exiles also fled there

Question 11

How did war and diplomacy help Henry VII?

Answer 11

• France support at Bosworth with ships and troops
• Treaty of Etaples 1492 with France, £5000 annual pension and also meant Warbeck had to leave France
• 1497 Treaty of Ayton with Scotland, Warbeck also had to leave Scotland
• Magnus Intercursus 1496, stopped Margaret of Burgundy and also resumed trade
• Spanish marriage 1501

Question 12

How did war and diplomacy hinder Henry VII?

Answer 12

• Margaret of Burgundy supported Simnel and Warbeck. Lovell and Lincoln also fled to Burgundy
• 1494, Holy Roman Emperor recognised Warbeck
• Ireland crowned Simnel