Walters just the shit he talked about Flashcards
1
Q
What is the growth fraction?
A
% of cells actively proliferating
2
Q
Which types of tumors do not respond well to drug therapy and why?
A
Large, bulky tumors because:
- Poor Rx penetration
- Large # of cells are in non-proliferative state
- Increased chance it has already metastasized
3
Q
G-1 cell phase
A
Cell growth
4
Q
S phase
A
DNA synthesis
5
Q
G-2 cell phase
A
Pre-mitotic cell growth
6
Q
M phase
A
Mitosis
7
Q
G-0 phase
A
Resting
8
Q
Which cell cycle phases are most sensitive to chemotherapy?
A
S phase and mitosis
9
Q
Vinblastine
A
- Vinca Alkaloid
- MOA: makes cells accumulate in G-2 and S phase;
- Use w/ARA-C which blocks DNA synthesis in S phase
10
Q
What are the consequences of alkylation?
A
- Ring opening
- Depurinization (guanine recognized as foreign and excised)
- Miscoding (G-C for A-T)
- Cross-linking (leads to inter & intra strand cross-linking)
11
Q
Mechlorethamine
A
- Nitrogen mustard
- Powerful vesicant → severe tissue necrosis
- Tx for extravasation: Na Thiosulfate (donates e- and protects DNA)
- Used to treat Hodgkin’s as part of MOPP
12
Q
Cyclophosphamide
A
• Nitrogen mustard
• Not a vesicant
• Aldophosphamide metabolized to phosphoramide mustard
• SE:
1. Leukopenia (tx: filgrastim & sargramostim)
2. Hemorrhagic cystitis (tx: hydration & MESNA)
3. SIADH
13
Q
Nitrosoureas
A
- Preferred site of attack is Oxygen
- Not phase specific but effects seen in S phase
- Not vesicant
14
Q
Pralaxatrate
A
- Folic acid analog
* IV only
15
Q
Methotrexate
A
- Folic acid analog
- Polyglutamated thus trapping MTX in cell
- Followed by low Leucovorin rescue dose to selectively rescue healthy cells
