Walls facts

Question 1

What is autonomy?

Answer 1

independent thinking
i.e. IVF

Question 2

What is beneficence?

Answer 2

benefit patient
i.e. whether to treat without pay

Question 3

What is non-malificence?

Answer 3

do no harm
- i.e. whether to do surgery or not

Question 4

What is justice?

Answer 4

Equal for all
- i.e. limited resources/organ donation

Question 5

What is confidentiality?

Answer 5

keep your moth shut

Question 6

What is a case-controls study?

Answer 6

• Type of observational AND retrospective study
• analyze rare outcomes w/ long-latency periods.
• determine if an exposure is associated with an outcome (i.e., disease or condition of interest)
• always retrospective because it starts with an outcome then traces back to investigate exposures

Question 7

What is the stillbirth rate?

Answer 7

deaths (20 wks until delivery) per 1000 total births

Question 8

What is the neonatal death rate?

Answer 8

deaths from delivery until 28 days after birth per 1000 total births

Question 9

What is the perinatal death rate?

Answer 9

stillbirth rate + neonatal rate
from 20wks gestation to 28days after birth per 1000 total births

Question 10

What is the C-section rate?

Answer 10

primary CS/total deliveries
- primary CS/ (total deliveries - rCS + VBAC)

Question 11

How do you calculate twin discordance?

Answer 11

(large twin - small twin) / large twin

Question 12

What infectious disease has cataracts, cardiac defects, deafness?

Answer 12

Congenital rubella

Question 13

What infectious disease has cicatricial skin lesions, limb hypoplasia, rudimentary digits?

Answer 13

varicella zoster

Question 14

What infectious disease has microcephaly, intracerebral calcifications, hepatosplenomegaly?

Answer 14

CMV

Question 15

How do you determine fetal toxoplasmosis?

Answer 15

IgM in fetal blood (bc IgM doesn’t cross placenta so if present, fetus was exposed

Question 16

How does ulipristal acetate (Ella) work?

Answer 16

prevents follicular rupture with LH surge

Question 17

What are type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 17

IgE mediated
- anaphylaxis, asthma, hives, food allergies, eczema

Question 18

What are type 2 hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 18

IgG or IgM mediated cytotoxic
- blood transfusion reactions, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 19

What are type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 19

immune complex mediated
- serum sickness, glomerulonephritis, SLE, RA

Question 20

What are type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 20

T-cell mediated
- contact dermatitis, graft vs host, TB lesions

Question 21

What are the layers of the bladder from inside to out?

Answer 21

Transitional epithelium, lamina propia, submucosa, detrusor muscle, adventitia

Question 22

What is classic presentation of urethral diverticulum?

Answer 22

dysuria, post-void dribbling, dyspareunia

Question 23

What are normal fetal umbilical cord gas values?

Answer 23

low Po2, high Co2, normal bicarb
Po2: 18 +/- 6
PCo2: 50 +/- 8
Bicarb: 22

Question 24

What is factor 5 Leiden?

Answer 24

Mutation means can’t do proteolysis by activated protein C
- risk of VTE in pregnancy is 10% if heterozygous and personal hx
- if homozygous without history, 1-2%
- if homozygous with history, 17%
- anticoag timing for postpartum if on it previously: 4-6 hours post SVD and 6-12 hours post CS

Question 25

What is recommended daily allowance of iron in pregnancy?

Answer 25

27 mg

Question 26

When is fetus most susceptible to ionizing radiation?

Answer 26

4-15 weeks
CNS effects greatest at 12-15 wks!

Question 27

What are treatments for mastalgia?

Answer 27

• NSAIDS, OCPs
• 2nd line: Danazol, bromocriptine, tamoxifen

Question 28

What is a contraction stress test?

Answer 28

3 contractions lasting at least 40 sec in 10 min period. negative test if no late or significant variable decelerations!!