Random gyn facts Flashcards
What percent acetic acid is used in colposcopy?
3-5%
- How does tricholoroacetic acid work: coagulation of tissue proteins (breaks them down)
What percent of brow presentations will convert to a face presentation/
30%
What is occurrence malpractice?
coverage for incidents that occur while the policy is in place, regardless of when the claim is made
What is claims made malpractice?
covers liabilities that happen while the policy is in effect
A claims-made policy provides coverage that is triggered when a claim is made against the insured during the policy period, regardless of when the wrongful act that gave rise to the claim took place.
What are medications associated with fecal incontinence?
antacids
antibiotics (cephalosporins, fluoquinolones, clinda), antidepressants (citalopram)
Anti-HTN
Bile acid sequestrate (cholestyramine)
Chemo
Metformin
Laxatives (Miralax)
Prostaglandins (iso)
PPI (omeprazole)
What are treatment options for fecal incontinence?
Nonsurgical (pads, diet, anticonstipation w/ laxatives/enema, fiber (Psyllium), anti-diarrheal (loperamide), pelvic floor PT, , bulking agents
Surgical: sacral nerve neuromodulation, anal sphincter repair, colostomy
What percent chlorhexidine is used in vaginal surgery?
4%
What is the most practical marker of reproductive aging?
AMH! Mullerian-inhibitng substanec
What is ristocetin cofactor assay?
Measures von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity
What is Von Willebrand disease?
most common inherited bleeding disorder (1% prevalence)
- ddx: vWF antigen, ristocetin cofactor activity, factor 8.
- Tx: desmopressin (stimulates vWF release from endothelial cells), factor 8 and vWF complex infusion, TXA.
- pregnancy: risk PPH, avoid scalp electrode, operative delivery bc risk of fetus having it.
How long do you need a backup method after getting Nexplanon (progestin implant)?
f you get your implant on day 1 to 5 of your period, it works right away. If you get it any other day, use an extra form of birth control for 7 days.
What are causes of normocytic anemia?
Normal bone marrow, normal/decr reticulocyte count?
- Anemia of chronic disease, endocrinopathy, liver disease
- abnormal bone marrow: Marrow infiltration (leukemia, myelofibrosis, metastasis), Hypoplastic anemia
Aplastic anemia, Medication side effect - incr reticent count: hemolysis (sickle cell)
What is megaloblastic anemia?
Megaloblastic anemia is caused by deficiency or impaired utilization of vitamin B12 and/or folate, whereas nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemia is caused by various diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), liver dysfunction, alcoholism, hypothyroidism, certain drugs
What are types of microcytic anemia?
Iron deficiency anemia
Thalassemias
Anemia of chronic disease
Sideroblastic anemia
Anemia associated with copper deficiency
Anemia associated with lead poisoning
What are types of macrocytic anemia?
Folic acid deficiency anemia
Anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency
Drug-induced hemolytic anemia (eg, zidovudine)
Anemia associated with reticulocytosis
Anemia associated with liver disease
Anemia associated with ethanol abuse
Anemia associated with acute myelodysplastic syndrome
What happens w/ hormones in menstrual cycle?
FSH stimulates secretion of inhibin B by granulosa cells.
- Luteal phase: inhibin production regulated by LH and switches to inhibin A
- Inhibin B peaks w/ LH surge
- Inhibin A peaks in mid-luteal phase
What meds cause AUB?
warfarin, heparin, NSAIDS, ginkgo, ginseng, motherwort
What is adenomyosis?
ddx w/ MRI or TVUS. US=heterogeneous myometrium, myometrial cysts, asymmetric myometrial thickening, subendometrial echogenic linear striations.
What is HLA-DR4 associated with?
Rheumatoid arthritis
What is HLA-DRB1 associated with?
SLE
What days of the menstrual cycle constitutes the window of implantation for the human embryo?
20-24
What are side effects of topical estrogen cream?
breast budding, labial growth/pigmentation, vaginal bleeding.
eg. if using in neonate for labial adhesions and get breast budding, can switch to betamethasone.
What is toxic shock syndrome?
2/2 Staph aureus, occurs 2 days post surgery or w/ menstruation
- sx: malaise, fever, diarrhea. If post surgery, conjunctival/pharengeal hyperemia without purulence
- Host cytokines released in response to super antigens.
-MAJOR criteria: hypotension, orthostatic syncope, sBP<90, diffuse macular erythroderma, fever, late skin desquamation (1-2 wks later)
- MINOR criteria (organ system): GI, mucous membrane erythema, muscular (myalgia, Cr >2x normal, plus <100, hepatic (levels >2x normal), CNS (altered consciousness)
At what chronological age does a woman obtain maximum bone density?
age 19
What are phases of cell cycle
G1, S, G2, M
G1: growth, protein synthesis, RNA synthesis, DNA repair
S: DNA replication
G2: growth
M: mitosis, cell division
What is Strassman metroplasty?
Treatment of Bicornuate uterus
What is shock?
Septic: low PCWP, high CO, low SVR
Cardiogenic: high PCWP, low CO, high SVR
hypovolemic: low PCWP, CO, high SVR
Which genes do HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins effect?
E6 affects p53
E7 affects Rb
